<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></title><description><![CDATA[Seule école Montessori agréée AMI du Sud-Ouest, l'école d'Hossegor suit la vision de Maria Montessori. The only AMI-accredited Montessori school in SW France, Hossegor Montessori is dedicated to the vision and principles of Maria Montessori.]]></description><link>https://montessorihossegor.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!czKq!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91f720f9-7a71-4d68-a80b-4556d05219fe_1563x1563.jpeg</url><title>Montessori Hossegor</title><link>https://montessorihossegor.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 17:09:17 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[montessorihossegor@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[montessorihossegor@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[montessorihossegor@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[montessorihossegor@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[La place de la langue (ou du français) dans le programme Montessori | The Role of Language (or French) in the Montessori Curriculum]]></title><description><![CDATA[Partie 2 : Pourquoi nous oublions notre fran&#231;ais : aller au-del&#224; des tables de conjugaison et des dict&#233;es | Part 2: Why We Forget Our French: Going Beyond Conjugation Tables and Dictations]]></description><link>https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/la-place-de-la-langue-ou-du-francais</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/la-place-de-la-langue-ou-du-francais</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 07:55:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cjn7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d6993f6-21f8-4ad0-baa4-1f01b070eb43_1480x1974.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Partie 2 : Pourquoi nous oublions notre fran&#231;ais : aller au-del&#224; des tables de conjugaison et des dict&#233;es</em></p><p>Nous allons continuer notre s&#233;rie d&#8217;articles sur la place de la langue dans le programme Montessori en attaquant les deux gros &#233;l&#233;phants dans la m&#233;thodologie: la conjugaison et l&#8217;orthogrpahe.</p><p>Combien d&#8217;entre vous ont vu les petits mots ramen&#233;s &#224; la maison par vos enfants, &#233;crit par les autres enfants, et ont ont failli vous &#233;touffez avec votre caf&#233;?</p><p>Nous avons un petit secret &#224; vous partager: nous ne corrigeons pas les productions &#233;crites de vos enfants les premi&#232;res ann&#233;es en &#233;l&#233;mentaire. Cela reste en ligne avec le principe du contr&#244;le de l&#8217;erreur qui ne vient pas de l&#8217;adulte, mais du mat&#233;riel. Souvenez-vous des embo&#238;tements cylindriques dans le 3-6? Ou bien des tableaux &#224; doigts math&#233;matiques dans le 3-6? Ces deux mat&#233;riels, comme tout le reste en classe, ont un &#233;l&#233;ment commun, et essentiel au bon fonctionnement de la m&#233;thode: ils sont auto-correcteurs. L&#8217;enfant n&#8217;a pas besoin qu&#8217;une tierce personne vienne lui dire qu&#8217;il n&#8217;a pas effectu&#233; le travail correctement, le mat&#233;riel le lui montre. Soit il se rend compte de son erreur et il la corrige, soit il ne s&#8217;en rend pas compte, il n&#8217;est donc pas encore cognitivement pr&#234;t &#224; la corriger. Il en va de m&#234;me avec l&#8217;orthographe et la conjugaison en &#233;l&#233;mentaire (ainsi que le reste des apprentissages).</p><p>Que la correction soit faite de fa&#231;on bienveillante ou non, la correction impos&#233;e par une tierce personne reste une correction inutile sur le long terme.</p><p>Si vous connaissez les travaux de Stanislas Dehaene, Karin James ou Robert Bjork, vous savez que l&#8217;apprentissage par l&#8217;erreur est le seul qui soit r&#233;ellement durable et profond. L&#8217;erreur n&#8217;est pas un &#233;chec, c&#8217;est une information indispensable au cerveau pour recalibrer ses pr&#233;dictions. En laissant l&#8217;enfant corriger ses propres productions, nous d&#233;veloppons son endurance neurologique: nous n&#8217;apprenons r&#233;ellement que lorsque notre cerveau traite un &#233;cart et parvient &#224; le r&#233;soudre par lui-m&#234;me. Lorsque nous corrigeons un enfant nous court-circuitons son cerveau momentan&#233;ment.</p><p>Non seulement, la correction imm&#233;diate et effectu&#233;e par l&#8217;enseignant, ici, est inutile, mais cette correction constitue un obstacle &#224; la cr&#233;ativit&#233;, et cr&#233;e une d&#233;pendance &#224; l&#8217;adulte. Vous souvenez-vous du fameux &#8216;Est-ce qu&#8217;il est beau mon dessin?&#8217;. A 6 ou 7 ans cela devient: &#8216;Est-ce qu&#8217;il est bon mon probl&#232;me? Est-ce que j&#8217;ai bien &#233;crit mon mot?&#8217; L&#8217;enfant n&#8217;utilise plus toutes les ressources qu&#8217;il poss&#232;de par peur de faire des erreurs. Dans le cas du langage, il va par exemple se mettre &#224; toujours r&#233;utiliser les m&#234;mes mots puisque ce sont ceux qu&#8217;il sait orthographier. Cela s&#8217;applique &#224; tous les domaines: l&#8217;enfant ne va faire que ce qu&#8217;il ma&#238;trise &#224; 100% afin d&#8217;&#234;tre s&#251;r de ne pas commettre d&#8217;erreurs. En Montessori, nous pr&#233;f&#233;rons un enfant qui fait 10 erreurs et en d&#233;couvre 2 par lui-m&#234;me, plut&#244;t qu&#8217;un enfant qui produit un travail parfait parce qu&#8217;il a &#233;t&#233; corrig&#233; &#224; chaque ligne.</p><p>Imaginez que vous ayez arr&#234;t&#233; votre enfant &#224; chaque chute lorsqu&#8217;il s&#8217;est mis &#224; marcher les premi&#232;res fois? Est-ce que vous lui avez fait des discours sur o&#249; placer son pied exactement ou comment mieux tenir en &#233;quilibre? Est-ce que vous l&#8217;avez grond&#233; parce qu&#8217;il tombait trop? Et le v&#233;lo? Est-ce que vous avez pass&#233; votre temps &#224; tenir le v&#233;lo droit pour votre enfant? Ou est-ce que &#224; un moment donn&#233; votre enfant a-t-il d&#251; se d&#233;brouiller tout seul et tomber plusieurs fois avant de r&#233;ussir &#224; garder son &#233;quilibre - seul - en se laissant guider par les retours d&#8217;informations corporelles et sensorielles?Pourquoi donc ne pas continuer de nous reposer sur nos enfants et de leur faire confiance si nous mettons &#224; disposition du mat&#233;riel avec correction int&#233;gr&#233;e?</p><p>Quels sont donc ces outils magiques qui permettent &#224; vos enfants d&#8217;apprendre &#224; &#233;crire/orthographier correctement de fa&#231;on ind&#233;pendante, autonome et cr&#233;ative?</p><p>Nous sommes tr&#232;s loin du bachotage (prenez conscience du terme: toute notre scolarit&#233; vise un examen: le bac. Cela est aussi un sujet pour une autre fois&#8230;) intensif des autres &#233;coles o&#249;, soyons r&#233;alistes, au sein de notre soci&#233;t&#233;, l&#8217;emploi du temps est plus qu&#8217;un simple calendrier, c&#8217;est un filet de s&#233;curit&#233;. Il y a un soulagement profond&#233;ment ancr&#233; &#224; croire que si un enfant passe des heures pench&#233; sur des tables de conjugaison et la pr&#233;paration de dict&#233;es, les connaissances seront acquises. En moyenne, en CP, CE1, CE2, les enfants ont 10 heures de fran&#231;ais par semaine, qui passent &#224; 8 heures en CM1 et CM2 et &#224; 5 heures en 6e. Le nombre total d&#8217;heures hebdomadaire de cours dans ces classes est de 24 heures en moyenne. Cela repr&#233;sente pr&#232;s de 50 % du temps total d&#8217;apprentissage &#224; l&#8217;&#233;cole consacr&#233; &#224; une seule mati&#232;re. Cela montre l&#8217;importance excessive accord&#233;e &#224; la poursuite d&#8217;objectifs tr&#232;s sp&#233;cifiques, au d&#233;triment de toute autre connaissance ou information culturelle, ainsi que l&#8217;anxi&#233;t&#233; qui y est li&#233;e.</p><p>L&#8217;exp&#233;rience, la vie r&#233;elle - et la m&#233;thode Montessori - montrent que cette base n&#8217;est en fait pas une base. L&#8217;enseignement traditionnel repose sur la m&#233;morisation al&#233;atoire. Si cela semble productif lors d&#8217;un contr&#244;le le vendredi, la r&#233;alit&#233; &#224; long terme est beaucoup moins impressionnante. Les enfants doivent se pr&#233;parer &#224; une dict&#233;e pr&#233;par&#233;e le vendredi en &#233;tudiant toute la semaine le m&#234;me texte sous diff&#233;rents aspects (lexical, grammatical, conjugal, orthographique) et, pour le plus grand bonheur de la plupart des parents, en r&#233;visant une derni&#232;re fois le jeudi soir &#224; la maison. Cela pr&#233;pare certes les enfants &#224; orthographier correctement un texte sp&#233;cialement pr&#233;par&#233;, mais cela les aide-t-il vraiment &#224; comprendre le m&#233;canisme du fonctionnement du langage afin qu&#8217;ils deviennent naturellement bons en orthographe, m&#234;me lorsqu&#8217;ils &#233;crivent un texte spontan&#233;, sans pr&#233;paration pr&#233;alable ?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cjn7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d6993f6-21f8-4ad0-baa4-1f01b070eb43_1480x1974.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cjn7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d6993f6-21f8-4ad0-baa4-1f01b070eb43_1480x1974.jpeg" width="1456" height="1942" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9d6993f6-21f8-4ad0-baa4-1f01b070eb43_1480x1974.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1942,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cjn7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d6993f6-21f8-4ad0-baa4-1f01b070eb43_1480x1974.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cjn7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d6993f6-21f8-4ad0-baa4-1f01b070eb43_1480x1974.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cjn7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d6993f6-21f8-4ad0-baa4-1f01b070eb43_1480x1974.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cjn7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d6993f6-21f8-4ad0-baa4-1f01b070eb43_1480x1974.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Certes, il y a r&#233;p&#233;tition. Et les Montessoriens aiment la r&#233;p&#233;tition. Plus il y a de r&#233;p&#233;tition avec un mat&#233;riel, plus l&#8217;enfant se l&#8217;approprie et peut en d&#233;couvrir les diff&#233;rents enseignements qu&#8217;il comporte. Plus il r&#233;p&#232;te, mieux il ma&#238;trise, plus il int&#232;gre la notion v&#233;hicul&#233;e par le mat&#233;riel. Un enfant qui ne r&#233;p&#232;te pas, est un enfant qui reste en surface, qui ne s&#8217;approprie vraiment jamais la nouvelle notion.</p><p>Si l&#8217;information est apprise sans que son utilisation dans la vie quotidienne soit comprise ou utilis&#233;e, le cerveau la classe comme temporaire (Custers, E. J. (2010). &#171; <em>Long-term retention of basic science knowledge: a review study </em>&#187;). Selon lui, pour briser ce sch&#233;ma, il faut une r&#233;p&#233;tition espac&#233;e et une application clinique de l&#8217;information. Qu&#8217;est-ce que cela signifie pour les enfants d&#8217;&#226;ge scolaire ? Les enfants doivent &#234;tre capables de r&#233;p&#233;ter la m&#234;me activit&#233; ET de l&#8217;appliquer &#224; la vie r&#233;elle. Dans les environnements Montessori, non seulement les le&#231;ons sont r&#233;p&#233;tables, mais les adultes encouragent les enfants &#224; les r&#233;p&#233;ter encore et encore, afin de comprendre pleinement le travail, sans l&#8217;aide de l&#8217;adulte &#224; terme, et de d&#233;couvrir par eux-m&#234;mes les &#171; r&#232;gles &#187; ou les informations que le mat&#233;riel est cens&#233; leur transmettre. La d&#233;couverte par soi-m&#234;me prime sur la simple &#233;nonciation d&#8217;informations par quelqu&#8217;un d&#8217;autre.</p><p>Lorsque les enfants m&#233;morisent des listes de r&#232;gles orthographiques comme des donn&#233;es isol&#233;es, le cerveau les traite comme des &#171; fichiers ind&#233;sirables &#187;, c&#8217;est-&#224;-dire des informations temporaires &#224; supprimer une fois la &#171; t&#226;che &#187; (l&#8217;examen) termin&#233;e. Le cerveau est naturellement un outil de reconnaissance de sch&#233;mas, et non un appareil &#224; enregistrer. Pour vraiment apprendre, nous devons cesser de traiter le fran&#231;ais comme une liste de r&#232;gles et commencer &#224; le traiter comme un syst&#232;me vivant.</p><p>Dans un environnement Montessori, on passe d&#8217;une m&#233;morisation passive &#224; un apprentissage actif et &#224; une r&#233;cup&#233;ration espac&#233;e des donn&#233;es. D&#8217;une part nous n&#8217;enseignons pas le fran&#231;ais. Nous le mettons &#224; disposition des enfants, comme le reste des mati&#232;res de la classe. Prenons comme exemple une des premi&#232;res r&#232;gles de base &#233;tudi&#233;e vers 6 ans: le singulier et le pluriel. Les enfants ont acc&#232;s &#224; un mat&#233;riel, des petites &#233;tiquettes qu&#8217;ils doivent ranger ensemble une fois la pr&#233;sentation donn&#233;e: des mots au singulier et des mots au pluriel, ils doivent associer les articles aux noms correspondants, et ensuite travailler avec. Pour chaque enfant le travail sera diff&#233;rent: copie des mots, r&#233;organisation des &#233;tiquettes de nombreuses fois et relecture des mots, mini quizz entre enfants, pr&#233;sentation des mots dans des petits livrets, dans un poster, etc&#8230; Nous ne leur disons jamais, au pluriel on rajoute un &#8217;s&#8217;, nous avons une pr&#233;sentation sur le pluriel dont le mat&#233;riel est con&#231;u de telle sorte &#224; ce que les enfants r&#233;alisent par eux-m&#234;mes que le nom au pluriel prend un &#8217;s&#8217;. A un moment donn&#233; (assez rapidement), ils le d&#233;couvrent par eux-m&#234;mes. Nous avons m&#234;me une petite bo&#238;te avec la r&#232;gle qui correspond &#224; la petite bo&#238;te qui contient les &#233;tiquettes. Une fois que l&#8217;enfant a d&#233;couvert la r&#232;gle, il peut extrapoler, aller plus loin, et faire ses propres listes de mots pour mettre en pratique de fa&#231;on motiv&#233;e, int&#233;ress&#233;e et imm&#233;diate sa d&#233;couverte. Vous pouvez appliquer ce principe &#224; toutes les comp&#233;tences langagi&#232;res que nous avons en classe: r&#232;gles orthographiques, conjugaison, grammaire, lexique.</p><p>D&#8217;autre part, nous ne demandons pas aux enfants de ne travailler qu&#8217;avec du mat&#233;riel de langage ou de math&#233;matiques pendant la matin&#233;e. Nous les exposons et les incitons &#224; travailler avec les 8 domaines de la classe: langage, math&#233;matiques, g&#233;om&#233;trie, biologie, histoire, g&#233;ographie, art et musique. Ils doivent utiliser le langage lorsqu&#8217;ils travaillent les autres mati&#232;res: ils doivent lire, ils doivent &#233;crire, ils doivent comprendre ce qu&#8217;ils lisent, ils doivent pouvoir se relire. Imaginez-vous en plein expos&#233; sur les dinosaures, vous n&#8217;arrivez pas &#224; relire vos notes - ou celles &#233;crites par votre camarade: cette exp&#233;rience va vous inciter, plus que toute correction ou tout bachotage &#224; &#233;crire plus nettement, &#224; vous entra&#238;ner &#224; mieux lire, etc&#8230; - m&#234;me &#224; 6 ans.</p><p>Nos outils d&#8217;apprentissage restent concrets et manipulables, au-del&#224; du 3-6. On bannit les cahiers d&#8217;exercices en les rempla&#231;ant par des alphabets mobiles, des &#233;tiquettes &#224; manipuler, des petites fiches de consignes ouvertes et rep&#233;rables &#224; l&#8217;infini. On donne aux enfants la possibilit&#233; d&#8217;apprendre &#224; diff&#233;rents niveaux : non seulement de mani&#232;re visuelle, mais aussi en utilisant leur ou&#239;e (ils travaillent en groupe: ils se parlent, ils se lisent les mots, les consignes, leur travail), leur toucher et leur sens st&#233;r&#233;ognostic. Cela aide &#233;galement les enfants qui ont encore des difficult&#233;s &#224; lire et &#224; &#233;crire &#224; acc&#233;der &#224; une mine d&#8217;informations et de connaissances sans cr&#233;er de blocages psychologiques et sans d&#233;truire leur confiance. Et si le cerveau d&#8217;un enfant n&#8217;arrive toujours pas, &#224; partir d&#8217;un certain &#226;ge, &#224; comprendre certaines r&#232;gles, ou int&#233;grer certains apprentissages, il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une question &#224; traiter &#224; part enti&#232;re et dont il faut &#233;changer avec les guides.</p><p>Oui, mais mon enfant qui a bien plus de 6 ans continue d&#8217;oublier de mettre ses &#8217;s&#8217; au pluriel alors que je sais qu&#8217;il conna&#238;t la r&#232;gle. Posez-vous la question: votre enfant conna&#238;t-il la r&#232;gle mais oublie-t-il emport&#233; dans son &#233;lan d&#8217;&#233;criture? N&#8217;a-t-il pas fait attention &#224; ce qu&#8217;il &#233;crit? Demandez &#224; votre enfant de se relire tout simplement et n&#8217;oubliez pas d&#8217;utiliser votre sens de l&#8217;humour.Lorsque nous introduisons la correction, c&#8217;est de nouveau en alliant l&#8217;enfant &#224; celle-ci: nous soulignons quelques fautes, les plus r&#233;currentes, sur la page, et nous indiquons dans la marge de quel type de faute il s&#8217;agit (Orthographique: il faut aller chercher dans le dictionnaire ou retrouver la r&#232;gle, Conjugaison: il faut aller chercher dans le mat&#233;riel ou le bescherelle, etc&#8230;). Nous apprenons &#224; l&#8217;enfant &#224; s&#8217;auto-&#233;valuer. Et nous le faisons une fois que l&#8217;automatisme de l&#8217;&#233;criture a &#233;t&#233; mis enplace, une fois que l&#8217;enfant est &#224; l&#8217;aise avec le fait de mettre sa pens&#233;e par &#233;crit de fa&#231;on fluide et spontan&#233;e, une fois que l&#8217;enfant a suffisamment d&#8217;exp&#233;rience avec un bon nombre de r&#232;gle orthographiques et de conjugaison pour pouvoir se rappeler des r&#232;gles et les appliquer par lui-m&#234;me.</p><p>Lorsque les enfants plus &#226;g&#233;s commencent &#224; utiliser le Bescherelle, ce n&#8217;est pas pour m&#233;moriser des tables de conjugaison, c&#8217;est en tant qu&#8217;outil leur permettant de travailler de mani&#232;re ind&#233;pendante et autonome, de fa&#231;on intelligente, en utilisant leurs comp&#233;tences et leurs bases pour continuer &#224; am&#233;liorer leur travail, non pas parce qu&#8217;un adulte va les noter, mais parce qu&#8217;ils veulent produire le meilleur travail possible parce qu&#8217;ils ont compris que leurs productions sont une r&#233;flexion d&#8217;eux aupr&#232;s dun monde ext&#233;rieur. L&#8217;objectif de cette approche n&#8217;est pas seulement de r&#233;ussir une dict&#233;e le vendredi, ou que votre enfant rentre &#224; la maison avec des jolies cartes aux petits messages tous identiques et parfaitement bien &#233;crits par qu&#8217;ils auront &#233;t&#233; revus et corrig&#233;s une bonne dizaine de fois. Il s&#8217;agit de faire passer l&#8217;&#233;tude de la langue fran&#231;aise de la &#171; m&#233;moire d&#233;clarative &#187; (savoir <em>qu&#8217;</em>une r&#232;gle existe) &#224; la &#171; m&#233;moire proc&#233;durale &#187; (savoir <em>comment </em>l&#8217;utiliser instinctivement).</p><p>Une fois de plus, gardez les petits mots que vos enfants vous font ici et l&#224; de temps en temps. Gardez-les sur 2, 3, 4 ans. Et comparez-les. Notez la progression dans l&#8217;&#233;criture graphique, et dans l&#8217;orthographe.</p><p>Lorsqu&#8217;un enfant comprend les m&#233;canismes d&#8217;une langue, il ne se contente pas de m&#233;moriser une r&#232;gle, il int&#233;riorise une comp&#233;tence, un peu comme lorsqu&#8217;il apprend &#224; faire du v&#233;lo. Il n&#8217;apprend pas seulement le fran&#231;ais, il devient fran&#231;ais. Et il peut appliquer cela &#224; n&#8217;importe quelle autre langue qu&#8217;il apprendra par la suite. Car, tout comme un nouveau-n&#233; na&#238;t avec la capacit&#233; de parler n&#8217;importe quelle langue du monde, un enfant a la capacit&#233; de comprendre comment fonctionne le Langage.</p><p>&#169;&#65039;Ludmila Katz</p><p>Retrouvez cet article et nos archives sur notre site : <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p><div><hr></div><p>We&#8217;ll continue our series of articles on the role of language in the Montessori curriculum by tackling the two big elephants in the room: conjugation and spelling.<a href="http://spelling.how/"> How</a> many of you have seen the little notes your children bring home, written by other children, and nearly choked on your coffee? We have a little secret to share with you: we don&#8217;t correct your children&#8217;s written work in the early elementary years. This aligns with the principle of error correction, which comes not from the adult but from the materials. Remember the cylindrical blocks in the 3-6 class? Or the math fingerboards in the 3-6 class? These two materials, like everything else in the classroom, share a common element essential to the method&#8217;s effectiveness: they are self-correcting. The child does not need a third party to tell them that they have not done the work correctly; the materials show them this. Either they realize their mistake and correct it, or they do not realize it, meaning they are not yet cognitively ready to correct it. The same applies to spelling and conjugation in elementary school (as well as the rest of their learning).</p><p>Whether the correction is done kindly or not, correction imposed by a third party remains useless in the long run. If you are familiar with the work of Stanislas Dehaene, Karin James, or Robert Bjork, you know that learning through error is the only kind that is truly lasting and profound. A mistake is not a failure; it is essential information for the brain to recalibrate its predictions. By letting the child correct their own work, we develop their neurological resilience: we only truly learn when our brain processes a discrepancy and manages to resolve it on its own. When we correct a child, we momentarily short-circuit their brain.</p><p>Not only is immediate correction by the teacher, in this case, unnecessary, but such correction acts as a barrier to creativity and fosters dependence on adults. Do you remember the famous question, &#8220;Is my drawing nice?&#8221; By age 6 or 7, this becomes: &#8220;Is my problem good? Did I spell my word correctly?&#8221; The child no longer uses all the resources they possess out of fear of making mistakes. In the case of language, for example, they will start reusing the same words over and over because those are the ones they know how to spell. This applies to all areas: the child will only do what they&#8217;ve mastered 100% to be sure they don&#8217;t make mistakes. In Montessori, we prefer a child who makes 10 mistakes and discovers 2 on their own, rather than a child who produces perfect work because they were corrected on every line. Imagine if you had stopped your child every time they fell when they first started walking? Did you lecture them on exactly where to place their feet or how to balance better? Did you scold them because they fell too much? And what about riding a bike? Did you spend your time holding the bike steady for your child? Or did your child eventually have to figure it out on their own and fall several times before managing to keep their balance&#8212;alone&#8212;by letting themselves be guided by bodily and sensory feedback? So why not continue to rely on our children and trust them if we provide them with materials that include built-in corrections?So what are these magical tools that allow your children to learn to write/spell correctly in an independent, self-directed, and creative way?</p><p>We are a long way from rote memorization (consider the term: our entire school system is geared toward one exam: the baccalaureate. That&#8217;s also a topic for another time&#8230;) found in other schools where, let&#8217;s be realistic, in our society, the schedule is more than just a calendar&#8212;it&#8217;s a safety net. There&#8217;s a deeply ingrained relief in believing that if a child spends hours poring over conjugation tables and preparing for dictations, the knowledge will be acquired. On average, in first, second, and third grade, children have 10 hours of French per week, which drops to 8 hours in fourth and fifth grade and to 5 hours in sixth grade. The total number of weekly class hours in these grades averages 24 hours. This represents nearly 50% of total school learning time devoted to a single subject. This highlights the excessive emphasis placed on pursuing very specific objectives, at the expense of all other knowledge or cultural information, as well as the anxiety associated with it.</p><p>Experience, real life&#8212;and the Montessori method&#8212;show that this foundation is, in fact, no foundation at all. Traditional teaching relies on random memorization. While this may seem productive during a Friday test, the long-term reality is far less impressive. Children must prepare for a Friday dictation by studying the same text all week from various angles (vocabulary, grammar, conjugation, spelling) and, much to the delight of most parents, by reviewing it one last time on Thursday evening at home. This certainly prepares children to spell a specially prepared text correctly, but does it really help them understand the mechanics of how language works so that they naturally become good at spelling, even when writing a spontaneous text without prior preparation?</p><p>Certainly, there is repetition. And Montessori educators value repetition. The more a child repeats with a material, the more they internalize it and can discover the various lessons it contains. The more they repeat, the better they master it, and the more they integrate the concept conveyed by the material. A child who does not repeat remains on the surface, never truly internalizing the new concept.</p><p>If information is learned without its application in daily life being understood or utilized, the brain classifies it as temporary (Custers, E. J. (2010). &#8220;<em>Long-term retention of basic science knowledge: a review study</em>&#8221;). According to him, to break this pattern, spaced repetition and practical application of the information are required. What does this mean for school-age children? Children must be able to repeat the same activity AND apply it to real life.</p><p>In Montessori environments, not only are lessons repeatable, but adults encourage children to repeat them over and over again, so that they can fully understand the work&#8212;eventually without adult assistance&#8212;and discover for themselves the &#8220;rules&#8221; or information that the materials are meant to convey. Self-discovery takes precedence over simply having information stated by someone else. When children memorize lists of spelling rules as isolated facts, the brain treats them as &#8220;junk files&#8221;&#8212;that is, temporary information to be discarded once the &#8220;task&#8221; (the exam) is complete. The brain is naturally a pattern-recognition tool, not a recording device. To truly learn, we must stop treating French as a list of rules and start treating it as a living system.</p><p>In a Montessori environment, we move from passive memorization to active learning and spaced retrieval of information. On the one hand, we do not teach French. We make it available to the children, just like the rest of the subjects in the classroom. Take, for example, one of the first basic rules studied around age 6: singular and plural. The children have access to materials&#8212;small labels that they must sort together once the presentation is given: singular words and plural words. Theymust match the articles to the corresponding nouns and then work with them. For each child, the work will be different: copying the words, rearranging the labels many times and reviewing the words, mini quizzes among the children, presenting the words in small booklets, on a poster, etc. We never tell them, &#8220;In the plural, you add an &#8217;s.&#8217;&#8221;, we have a presentation on the plural where the material is set up for them to realise that in the plural, nouns take an &#8217;s&#8217;. At some point (fairly quickly), they discover it on their own. We even have a small box with the rule that corresponds to the small box containing the labels. Once the child has discovered the rule, they can extrapolate, go further, and make their own lists of words to put their discovery into practice in a motivated, interested, and immediate way. You can apply this principle to all the language skills we cover in class: spelling rules, verb conjugation, grammar, vocabulary.</p><p>On the other hand, we don&#8217;t ask the children to work exclusively with language or math materials during the morning. We expose them to and encourage them to work with the eight areas of the classroom: language, math, geometry, biology, history, geography, art, and music. They must use language when working on other subjects: they must read, they must write, they must understand what they read, and they must be able to reread their work. Imagine you&#8217;re in the middle of a presentation on dinosaurs, and you can&#8217;t read your notes&#8212;or those written by your classmate: this experience will motivate you, more than any correction or cramming, to write more clearly, to practice reading better, etc.&#8212;even at age 6. Our learning tools remain concrete and hands-on, even beyond ages 3&#8211;6. We do away with workbooks, replacing them with movable alphabets, manipulative labels, and small instruction cards that are open-ended and endlessly adaptable.</p><p>We give children the opportunity to learn at different levels: not only visually, but also by using their hearing (they work in groups: they talk to each other, they read words, instructions, and their work aloud), their sense of touch, and their stereognostic sense. This also helps children who still struggle with reading and writing to access a wealth of information and knowledge without creating psychological barriers or undermining their confidence. And if, after a certain age, a child&#8217;s brain still cannot grasp certain rules or internalize certain concepts, this is an issue that needs to be addressed separately and discussed with the teachers.</p><p>Yes, but my child, who is well over 6 years old, keeps forgetting to add the &#8216;s&#8217; in plurals even though I know they know the rule. Ask yourself: does your child know the rule but forget it in the heat of writing? Did they not pay attention to what they were writing? Simply ask your child to reread their work, and don&#8217;t forget to use your sense of humor.</p><p>When we introduce corrections, we do so by involving the child in the process: we underline a few of the most common mistakes on the page and note in the margin what type of mistake it is (Spelling: look it up in the dictionary or check the rule; Conjugation: check the materials or the Bescherelle, etc.). We teach the child to self-assess. And we do this once the automatic process of writing has been established, once the child is comfortable putting their thoughts into writing in a fluid and spontaneous way, and once the child has enough experience with a good number of spelling and conjugation rules to be able to recall the rules and apply them on their own. When older children start using the Bescherelle, it is not to memorize conjugation tables; rather, it is a tool that allows them to work independently and autonomously, in an intelligent way, using their skills and foundational knowledge to continue improving their work&#8212;not because an adult willgrade them, but because they want to produce the best work possible, having understood that their writing reflects who they are to the outside world.</p><p>The goal of this approach is not merely to pass a dictation on Friday, or for your child to come home with pretty cards bearing identical little messages, all perfectly written because they&#8217;ve been reviewed and corrected a good dozen times. It is about shifting the study of the French language from &#8220;declarative memory&#8221; (knowing <em>that</em> a rule exists) to &#8220;procedural memory&#8221; (knowing <em>how </em>to use it instinctively). Once again, keep the little notes your children write to you here and there from time to time. Keep them for 2, 3, or 4 years. Then compare them. Note the progress in handwriting and spelling.</p><p>When a child understands the mechanics of a language, they don&#8217;t just memorize a rule; they internalize a skill, much like when they learn to ride a bike. They don&#8217;t just learn French; they become French. And they can apply this to any other language they learn later on. Because, just as a newborn is born with the ability to speak any language in the world, a child has the ability to understand how language works.</p><p>&#169;&#65039;Ludmila Katz</p><p><em>Find this article and our archives on our website :</em> <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La place du langage (ou du français) dans le programme Montessori | The place of language (or French) in the Montessori program]]></title><description><![CDATA[Partie 1: &#201;criture manuscrite : efficacit&#233; ou art?]]></description><link>https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/la-place-du-langage-ou-du-francais</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/la-place-du-langage-ou-du-francais</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 07:50:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Nous entendons souvent et croyons souvent au mythe &#171; Une &#233;criture soign&#233;e en CP signifie que l&#8217;enfant est un bon &#233;l&#232;ve. &#187; La r&#233;alit&#233; nous informe, gr&#226;ce &#224; la neuropsychologie, que lorsqu&#8217;un enfant est oblig&#233; de se concentrer sur l&#8217;aspect visuel de la page, il perd jusqu&#8217;&#224; 90 % de sa capacit&#233; &#224; traiter le sens des mots.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Notre approche Montessori consiste &#224; d&#233;velopper l&#8217;automatisme. Nous pr&#233;parons la main comme un outil afin que, lorsque votre enfant &#233;crit, il se concentre sur ses id&#233;es et non sur l&#8217;encre. Le cahier le plus soign&#233; en CP pourrait en fait &#234;tre un signal d&#8217;alarme pour l&#8217;avenir de votre enfant. Il faut savoir diff&#233;rencier l&#8217;imitation calligraphique et l&#8217;automatisme neuronal. A travers la m&#233;thode Montessori, nous d&#233;veloppons la main de l&#8217;enfant comme une arme d&#8217;expression afin qu&#8217;arriv&#233; au coll&#232;ge, ils puisse penser et &#233;crire simultan&#233;ment.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EW8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F75d6e4e6-db50-4b8c-93fd-2ef1cbd1bcb0_1480x1480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Non seulement nous enlevons l&#8217;anxi&#233;t&#233; li&#233;e &#224; l&#8217;apprentissage du langage comme nous l&#8217;avons connu (qui parmi nous n&#8217;a pas encore des sueurs froides et des cicatrices laiss&#233;es par les heures infinies d&#8217;exercices forc&#233;s et r&#233;p&#233;titifs de Fran&#231;ais &#224; l&#8217;&#233;cole)?</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Nous menons les enfants, avec fluidit&#233; et joie, au travers d&#8217;un parcours bien plus rigoureux au final, vers la ma&#238;trise r&#233;elle d&#8217;une langue, qui ne laisse pas de cicatrices, mais qui lib&#232;re l&#8217;esprit - et le corps - de votre enfant.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Dans le syst&#232;me fran&#231;ais traditionnel, l&#8217;&#233;ducation est souvent consid&#233;r&#233;e &#224; travers le prisme du &#171; vide &#187;, un cycle tr&#232;s intense de dict&#233;es, de conjugaisons et d&#8217;exercices r&#233;p&#233;titifs. Pour nombre d&#8217;entre nous, cela a laiss&#233; des &#171; cicatrices linguistiques &#187;. Nous proposons un parcours diff&#233;rent : l&#8217;&#233;cole primaire Montessori n&#8217;est pas une &#233;chappatoire &#224; ces normes, mais un parcours bien plus rigoureux pour les ma&#238;triser.</p><p>Vous souvenez-vous &#224; quoi ressemble un emploi du temps du CP &#224; la 3&#232;me? Fran&#231;ais et Maths le matin, tous les matins, et quelques autres mati&#232;re ici et l&#224; les apr&#232;s midi, avec encore un peu plus de fran&#231;ais, pour bonne mesure. Une grosse pause au milieu, dans quelle but? Cette pause fera s&#251;rement l&#8217;objet d&#8217;un autre article, nous disgressons&#8230;</p><p>Revenons-en au Fran&#231;ais. Il n&#8217;y a pas que les Maths qui sont la b&#234;te noire des anciens &#233;l&#232;ves de notre cher syst&#232;me fran&#231;ais. Certes nous avons &#233;t&#233; soit bon &#233;l&#232;ve soit mauvais &#233;l&#232;ve, ou un peu entre les deux en fonction de notre degr&#233; d&#8217;inter&#234;t, mais ne nous mentons pas, lequel d&#8217;entre nous a r&#233;ellement pris plaisir &#224; faire ses lignes de mots, r&#233;p&#233;ter &#224; l&#8217;infini ses listes de mots impos&#233;es, et conjugu&#233; ou plut&#244;t &#226;nonner les verbes sous toutes leurs formes de conjugaisons possibles et imaginables, sans une seule fois pouvoir faire le lien entre ces t&#226;ches et notre int&#233;r&#234;t, notre vie.</p><p>Nous allons vous peindre un tableau bien diff&#233;rent de ce que vos enfants vivent au quotidien, ici, &#224; Montessori Hossegor. Et nous esp&#233;rons qu&#8217;&#224; la fin de de cet article vous aurez envie d&#8217;utiliser le fameux retourneur de temps d&#8217;Hermione Granger pour revenir vivre vos ann&#233;es &#233;l&#233;mentaires chez nous!</p><p>En tant que parents, vous craignez souvent que sans exercices r&#233;p&#233;titifs forc&#233;s, l&#8217;&#233;criture manuscrite de votre enfant en p&#226;tisse. Examinons donc de plus pr&#232;s l&#8217;endurance neurologique requise par le syst&#232;me fran&#231;ais. L&#8217;effet nettet&#233; est acquise, parfois d&#232;s la grande section, au prix d&#8217;un stress qui conduit souvent &#224; un &#8216;crash&#8217; au coll&#232;ge, lorsque l&#8217;enfant n&#8217;est plus capable de penser et d&#8217;&#233;crire simultan&#233;ment. En Montessori, nous nous concentrons sur l&#8217;automatisme? D&#8217;un c&#244;t&#233; nous affinons le contr&#244;le de la motricit&#233; fine, gr&#226;ce &#224; une belle panoplie de mat&#233;riel Montessori didactique, comme les inserts m&#233;talliques, d&#232;s l&#8217;&#226;ge de 3 ans &#189;, 4 ans, et les lettres rugueuses. Nous d&#233;veloppons ainsi la m&#233;moire musculaire de la main, avant que l&#8217;enfant ne soit oblig&#233; d&#8217;&#233;crire de longs textes. Ces &#8216;dessins&#8217; permettent aux &#233;l&#232;ves plus &#226;g&#233;s par la suite, d&#8217;&#233;crire avec un rythme fluide, comme des adultes, ce qui permet &#224; leur cerveau de se concentrer sur le contenu de leurs id&#233;es, et non sur la difficult&#233; d&#8217;utiliser un crayon, ou un stylo par la suite.</p><p>Le r&#233;sultat? Au-del&#224; de la nettet&#233; imm&#233;diate acquise &#224; l&#8217;&#226;ge de 5-6 ans, votre enfant se retrouve &#224; l&#8217;&#226;ge de 12 ans, pr&#234;t &#224; affronter n&#8217;importe quel syst&#232;me.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O97r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F21d24e48-83b5-432e-a761-cd4a7b1d2aa0_1480x1480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Par exemple, dans les &#233;coles fran&#231;aises conventionnelles, l&#8217;accent est mis sur la grille de Seyes et la &#171; perfection &#187; visuelle de la lettre.</p><p>Mais des &#233;tudes en neuropsychologie montrent que lorsqu&#8217;un enfant est oblig&#233; de concentrer 90 % de ses capacit&#233;s c&#233;r&#233;brales sur la m&#233;canique de la lettre (rester dans les lignes), il ne lui en reste plus 0 % pour la syntaxe et le sens. C&#8217;est pourquoi de nombreux &#233;l&#232;ves fran&#231;ais &#171; &#233;chouent &#187; au coll&#232;ge. Ils savent &#233;crire magnifiquement, mais ils ne peuvent pas r&#233;fl&#233;chir et &#233;crire en m&#234;me temps. Leur &#233;criture est un &#171; masque performatif &#187; qui cache un manque de traitement linguistique profond.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Rendez-vous chez n&#8217;importe quel graphoth&#233;rapeute fran&#231;ais et demandez-lui qui sont ses clients. Il s&#8217;agit en grande majorit&#233; d&#8217;enfants issus d&#8217;&#233;coles traditionnelles qui ont d&#233;velopp&#233; une crampe de l&#8217;&#233;crivain (crampe de l&#8217;&#233;crivain) ou une dysgraphie parce qu&#8217;ils ont &#233;t&#233; contraints d&#8217;&#233;crire trop, trop t&#244;t, avec une mauvaise prise en main. La r&#233;p&#233;tition forc&#233;e conduit &#224; une &#171; hypertonicit&#233; &#187; : l&#8217;enfant tient le stylo comme une arme. En Montessori : nous utilisons les inserts m&#233;talliques et les lettres en papier de verre pour d&#233;velopper la &#171; m&#233;moire musculaire &#187; et le &#171; contr&#244;le de la pression &#187; avant m&#234;me que le stylo ne touche le papier. Certes,  l&#8217;&#233;criture des enfants Montessori peut sembler &#171; plus l&#226;che &#187; au d&#233;but, moins organis&#233;e, mais elle est durable. &#192; l&#8217;&#226;ge de 9 ans, ils ont l&#8217;&#171;endurance&#187; n&#233;cessaire pour r&#233;diger un rapport de 5 pages sans douleur, tandis que les enfants scolaris&#233;s de mani&#232;re conventionnelle sont souvent &#171; &#233;puis&#233;s &#187; par l&#8217;acte d&#8217;&#233;crire &#224; l&#8217;&#226;ge de 10 ans.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Vous pensez que les ordinateurs vont remplacer l&#8217;&#233;criture manuscrite? La science affirme que si vous remplacez le stylo par un clavier, vous endommagerez le circuit de lecture. En effet, les recherches de Karin James (Universit&#233; de l&#8217;Indiana) montrent que lorsque les enfants &#233;crivent &#224; la main, ils activent un &#171; circuit de lecture &#187; dans le cerveau qui est compl&#232;tement inactif lorsqu&#8217;ils tapent au clavier. En Montessori nous avons donc un avantage: nous ne nous contentons pas d&#8217;&#171; &#233;crire &#187; &#224; la main, nous utilisons l&#8217;&#233;criture cursive. Les neurosciences (par exemple, Frontiers in Psychology, 2020) confirment que l&#8217;&#233;criture cursive synchronise les ondes c&#233;r&#233;brales dans la gamme des rythmes th&#234;ta, qui est l&#8217;&#233;tat optimal pour la m&#233;moire et l&#8217;encodage de nouvelles informations. Un enfant qui tape tout au clavier a un encodage &#171; plus superficiel &#187;. Le cerveau d&#8217;un enfant Montessori est litt&#233;ralement plus &#171; adulte &#187; dans son traitement des lettres, car il les a physiquement construites. Comme Montessori consid&#232;re l&#8217;&#233;criture comme une extension de la pens&#233;e (l&#8217;&#171; explosion dans l&#8217;&#233;criture &#187;), les connexions neuronales sont plus profondes. Des recherches montrent que les enfants qui apprennent &#224; &#233;crire par des m&#233;thodes sensorielles et autodirig&#233;es conservent mieux la m&#233;moire orthographique que ceux qui ont suivi un apprentissage par c&#339;ur, m&#234;me lorsqu&#8217;ils passent finalement au clavier.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Revenons-en &#224; la fameuse phrase - ou critique : &#171; Mais les enfants de l&#8217;&#233;cole publique - ou priv&#233;e conventionnelle - ont des cahiers plus soign&#233;s &#187;!</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Et bien oui. Les enfants de l&#8217;&#233;cole publique pratiquent la calligraphie (du dessin). Nos &#233;l&#232;ves pratiquent le codage ( la r&#233;flexion). La propret&#233; chez un enfant de 7 ans est souvent un signe d&#8217;&#171;inhibition cognitive&#187; : ils ont tellement peur du stylo rouge qu&#8217;ils ont cess&#233; de r&#233;fl&#233;chir aux mots. Nous, nous d&#233;veloppons leur &#171; endurance neurologique &#187; qui leur permettra d&#8217;&#233;crire avec &#233;l&#233;gance et profondeur tout au long de leur vie, et pas seulement pour obtenir une &#233;toile dor&#233;e le vendredi.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Si vous voulez des preuves de cela, gardez les petits mots et bouts de papier que votre enfant &#233;crit et observez le progr&#232;s et la diff&#233;rence rien que sur ses 3 premi&#232;res ann&#233;es d&#8217;&#233;l&#233;mentaire de votre enfant.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A MH, nous ne craignons pas le &#171; vide &#187; du syst&#232;me fran&#231;ais. Nous pr&#233;parons nos &#233;l&#232;ves &#224; en devenir les leaders. En rempla&#231;ant l&#8217;anxi&#233;t&#233; li&#233;e &#224; l&#8217;apprentissage par c&#339;ur par la ma&#238;trise sensorielle et les sciences cognitives, nous veillons &#224; ce que votre enfant, lorsqu&#8217;il effectuera la transition vers un autre syst&#232;me, ne se contente pas de survivre, mais s&#8217;&#233;panouisse.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A la fin de cette s&#233;rie d&#8217;articles sur le langage, vous comprendrez comment votre enfant n&#8217;apprend pas seulement le fran&#231;ais. Il ma&#238;trise l&#8217;art d&#8217;&#234;tre fran&#231;ais dans un monde globalis&#233;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>&#169;&#65039;Ludmila Katz</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg" width="1456" height="1021" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1021,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GC-I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F866329b3-2dc2-46d0-a14c-918ba487de6c_1480x1038.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Retrouvez cet article et nos archives sur notre site : <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p><div><hr></div><p>We often hear and believe the myth that &#8220;neat handwriting in first grade means that the child is a good student.&#8221; &#8220; Reality tells us, thanks to neuropsychology, that when a child is forced to focus on the visual aspect of the page, they lose up to 90% of their ability to process the meaning of words.</p><p>Our Montessori approach is to develop automatism. We prepare the hand as a tool so that when your child writes, they focus on their ideas and not on the ink. The neatest notebook in first grade could actually be a warning sign for your child&#8217;s future. It is important to differentiate between calligraphic imitation and neural automatism. Through the Montessori method, we develop the child&#8217;s hand as a weapon of expression so that by the time they reach middle school, they can think and write simultaneously.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MEAQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87322b08-4d60-43e7-8e95-2fa6095706a2_1480x1480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Not only do we remove the anxiety associated with learning language as we knew it (who among us does not still have cold sweats and scars left by endless hours of forced and repetitive French exercises at school)?</p><p>We guide children, with fluidity and joy, through a journey that is ultimately much more rigorous, towards true mastery of a language, which leaves no scars but frees your child&#8217;s mind&#8212;and body.</p><p>In the traditional French system, education is often viewed through the prism of &#8220;emptiness,&#8221; a very intense cycle of dictations, conjugations, and repetitive exercises. For many of us, this has left &#8220;linguistic scars.&#8221; We offer a different path: Montessori elementary school is not an escape from these standards, but a much more rigorous path to mastering them.</p><p>Do you remember what a schedule from first to ninth grade looks like? French and math in the morning, every morning, and a few other subjects here and there in the afternoon, with a little more French thrown in for good measure. A long break in the middle, for what purpose? This break will surely be the subject of another article, but we digress...</p><p>Let&#8217;s get back to French. It&#8217;s not just math that is the bane of former students of our beloved French system. Of course, we were either good students or bad students, or somewhere in between, depending on our level of interest, but let&#8217;s not lie to ourselves, which of us really enjoyed writing lines of words, endlessly repeating our imposed word lists, and conjugating or rather chanting verbs in all their possible and imaginable conjugations, without ever being able to make the connection between these tasks and our interests or our lives.</p><p>We are going to paint a very different picture of what your children experience on a daily basis here at Montessori Hossegor. And we hope that by the end of this article, you will want to use Hermione Granger&#8217;s famous time turner to come back and relive your elementary school years with us!</p><p>As parents, you often worry that without forced repetitive exercises, your child&#8217;s handwriting will suffer. So let&#8217;s take a closer look at the neurological endurance required by the French system. The effect of neatness is achieved, sometimes as early as kindergarten, at the cost of stress that often leads to a &#8220;crash&#8221; in middle school, when the child is no longer able to think and write simultaneously. In Montessori, we focus on automatism. On the one hand, we refine fine motor control using a wide range of Montessori teaching materials, such as metal inserts, from the age of 3&#189; or 4, and rough letters. In this way, we develop the muscle memory of the hand before the child is required to write long texts. These &#8220;drawings&#8221; enable older students to write fluently, like adults, allowing their brains to focus on the content of their ideas rather than on the difficulty of using a pencil or pen.</p><p>The result? Beyond the immediate neatness acquired at the age of 5-6, your child will be ready to tackle any system by the age of 12.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RcAD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84d89ea5-a7b4-4737-b9ac-85a422185316_1480x1480.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>For example, in conventional French schools, the emphasis is on the Seyes grid and the visual &#8220;perfection&#8221; of the letter.</p><p>But studies in neuropsychology show that when a child is forced to focus 90% of their brainpower on the mechanics of the letter (staying within the lines), they have 0% left for syntax and meaning. This is why many French students &#8220;fail&#8221; in middle school. They can write beautifully, but they cannot think and write at the same time. Their writing is a &#8220;performative mask&#8221; that hides a lack of deep linguistic processing.</p><p>Visit any French graphotherapist and ask them who their clients are. The vast majority are children from traditional schools who have developed writer&#8217;s cramp or dysgraphia because they were forced to write too much, too early, with poor pen grip. Forced repetition leads to &#8220;hypertonicity&#8221;: the child holds the pen like a weapon. At Montessori, we use metal inserts and sandpaper letters to develop &#8220;muscle memory&#8221; and &#8220;pressure control&#8221; before the pen even touches the paper. Admittedly, Montessori children&#8217;s writing may seem &#8220;looser&#8221; at first, less organized, but it is durable. By the age of 9, they have the &#8216;stamina&#8217; to write a 5-page report without pain, while conventionally schooled children are often &#8220;exhausted&#8221; by the act of writing by the age of 10.</p><p>Do you think computers will replace handwriting? Science says that if you replace the pen with a keyboard, you will damage the reading circuit. Indeed, research by Karin James (Indiana University) shows that when children write by hand, they activate a &#8220;reading circuit&#8221; in the brain that is completely inactive when they type on a keyboard. In Montessori, we therefore have an advantage: we don&#8217;t just &#8220;write&#8221; by hand, we use cursive writing. Neuroscience (e.g., Frontiers in Psychology, 2020) confirms that cursive writing synchronizes brain waves in the theta range, which is the optimal state for memory and encoding new information. A child who types everything on a keyboard has a &#8220;more superficial&#8221; encoding. The brain of a Montessori child is literally more &#8216;adult&#8217; in its processing of letters because it has physically constructed them. Since Montessori considers writing to be an extension of thought (the &#8220;explosion in writing&#8221;), the neural connections are deeper. Research shows that children who learn to write through sensory and self-directed methods retain better spelling memory than those who have learned by rote, even when they eventually switch to typing.</p><p>Let&#8217;s return to the famous phrase&#8212;or criticism: &#8220;But children in public schools&#8212;or conventional private schools&#8212;have neater notebooks!&#8221;</p><p>Well, yes. Public school children practice calligraphy (drawing). Our students practice coding (thinking). Neatness in a 7-year-old is often a sign of &#8220;cognitive inhibition&#8221;: they are so afraid of the red pen that they have stopped thinking about words.</p><p>We develop their &#8220;neurological endurance,&#8221; which will allow them to write with elegance and depth throughout their lives, and not just to get a gold star on Friday.</p><p>If you want proof of this, keep the little notes and scraps of paper your child writes and observe the progress and difference in just the first three years of your child&#8217;s elementary school.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">At MH, we do not fear the &#8220;void&#8221; of the French system. We prepare our students to become its leaders. By replacing the anxiety associated with rote learning with sensory mastery and cognitive science, we ensure that when your child makes the transition to another system, they will not merely survive, but thrive.</p><p>By the end of this series of articles on language, you will understand how your child is not just learning French. They are mastering the art of being French in a globalized world.</p><p><em>&#169;&#65039;Ludmila Katz</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rR2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcff07ca-a815-421d-bf89-339a6231e075_1480x1038.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rR2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcff07ca-a815-421d-bf89-339a6231e075_1480x1038.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rR2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcff07ca-a815-421d-bf89-339a6231e075_1480x1038.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rR2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcff07ca-a815-421d-bf89-339a6231e075_1480x1038.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rR2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcff07ca-a815-421d-bf89-339a6231e075_1480x1038.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2rR2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffcff07ca-a815-421d-bf89-339a6231e075_1480x1038.jpeg" width="1456" height="1021" 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y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Find this article and our archives on our website :</em> <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Comment pouvons-nous aider nos enfants à penser ? | How Can We Help Our Children to Think?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Le Dr Montessori a observ&#233; pour la premi&#232;re fois la capacit&#233; de raisonnement d&#8217;un nourrisson &#224; l&#8217;&#226;ge de 3 semaines.]]></description><link>https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/comment-pouvons-nous-aider-nos-enfants</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/comment-pouvons-nous-aider-nos-enfants</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 07:47:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EyMn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F833db7f6-a1df-4b9b-9155-2727d4a7c733_1480x1110.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le Dr Montessori a observ&#233; pour la premi&#232;re fois la capacit&#233; de raisonnement d&#8217;un nourrisson &#224; l&#8217;&#226;ge de 3 semaines. Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une observation importante, car elle nous am&#232;ne &#224; nous demander ce qu&#8217;elle a observ&#233; pour dire que le nourrisson utilisait l&#8217;esprit de raisonnement. Tout d&#8217;abord, identifions ce que signifie raisonner. La raison est d&#233;finie comme le pouvoir de comprendre, de d&#233;duire ou de penser, en particulier de mani&#232;re rationnelle et ordonn&#233;e. La capacit&#233; &#224; raisonner n&#8217;est pas une comp&#233;tence mais un d&#233;veloppement. Le lobe frontal du cortex c&#233;r&#233;bral est la partie du cerveau qui s&#8217;occupe de la fonction de la raison. Cette partie du cerveau est &#233;galement impliqu&#233;e dans le langage et les &#233;motions. Plut&#244;t que de vous embarrasser de science, &#233;tablissons simplement le lien entre la raison et le langage. Il serait facile de consid&#233;rer que la raison a besoin du langage pour se d&#233;velopper. Mais comment ? Ce langage peut &#234;tre un dialogue interne ou un dialogue externe avec vous, le parent. Tr&#232;s t&#244;t, au cours de la vie de l&#8217;enfant, c&#8217;est le r&#244;le de l&#8217;adulte d&#8217;aider &#224; d&#233;velopper le raisonnement en offrant un environnement riche en langage. Imaginons que nous nous adressons &#224; un nourrisson, c&#8217;est-&#224;-dire &#224; un enfant qui ne marche pas encore. Si nous</p><p>voulons qu&#8217;il d&#233;veloppe le langage, nous n&#8217;enseignons pas mais nous mod&#233;lisons en utilisant un langage riche et vari&#233;. &#8220;Regarde cette feuille, elle est belle, sa forme est ovale et elle est d&#8217;un beau vert. J&#8217;appellerais probablement cette couleur &#8216;vert citron&#8217;&#8221;. En tant que parents, nous devons cr&#233;er un environnement riche en langage si nous voulons que nos enfants assimilent un vocabulaire vari&#233;. Qu&#8217;en est-il de la raison ? Pour le nourrisson, nous devons encore une fois favoriser le d&#233;veloppement en compl&#233;tant notre capacit&#233; de raisonnement en tant qu&#8217;adulte. De cette fa&#231;on, nous aidons l&#8217;enfant &#224; d&#233;velopper ses capacit&#233;s de raisonnement. &#8220;Regarde cette feuille sur le sol. Je me demande d&#8217;o&#249; elle vient. Hmm, elle ressemble &#224; la m&#234;me feuille que les feuilles de l&#8217;arbre juste l&#224;. Je pense donc qu&#8217;elle vient de cet arbre&#8221;. Cela peut para&#238;tre &#233;trange, mais de cette mani&#232;re, nous, adultes, aidons consciemment l&#8217;enfant &#224; d&#233;velopper son esprit de raisonnement. Les jeunes enfants de moins de trois ans absorbent inconsciemment leur environnement, ce qui inclut le raisonnement. Parfois, vous ne vous rendez m&#234;me pas compte que vous raisonnez, mais votre enfant absorbe certainement ces exp&#233;riences de raisonnement. Imaginez que vous alliez &#224; la boulangerie et qu&#8217;il n&#8217;y ait plus le pain que vous voulez, vous entamez une conversation avec le boulanger et lui expliquez que vous avez besoin de pain pour un d&#238;ner. Avec le boulanger, vous pouvez raisonner sur le pain que vous obtiendrez et sur les raisons pour lesquelles il sera suffisant. Si</p><p>votre enfant est avec vous, il l&#8217;absorbera. Cela se produit tout le temps. &#192; la maison comme &#224;</p><p>l&#8217;ext&#233;rieur. Si votre enfant est &#224; port&#233;e de voix, il l&#8217;absorbera.</p><p>Passons maintenant &#224; l&#8217;enfant de 3 &#224; 6 ans, celui qui poss&#232;de un esprit conscient et absorbant. Cela signifie que les enfants de cet &#226;ge &#233;voluent vers la conscience. Par exemple, si nous prenons le concept du temps, ils deviennent plus conscients du temps r&#233;el. Ils commencent &#224; avoir les concepts de demain, d&#8217;hier, de ce week-end ou de cette ann&#233;e. Il faut &#234;tre un peu conscient pour comprendre ces concepts. Les enfants de 3 &#224; 6 ans aiment poser des questions. Il semble parfois poser sans rel&#226;che des questions aux adultes. Qu&#8217;est-ce que c&#8217;est que ceci ? Qu&#8217;est-ce que c&#8217;est que cela ? Comment cela se fait-il ? Pourquoi ? Encore une fois, nous devons continuer &#224; donner &#224; l&#8217;enfant de cet &#226;ge un environnement riche en langage. Nous devons r&#233;pondre &#224; ses questions, car non seulement cela stimule le d&#233;veloppement et construit l&#8217;intellect, mais c&#8217;est aussi une source de satisfaction &#233;motionnelle. Mais qu&#8217;en est-il du raisonnement ? Comment soutenir le d&#233;veloppement du raisonnement chez cet enfant ? Nous devons nous rappeler que les enfants et m&#234;me les adolescents d&#233;veloppent leur capacit&#233; de raisonnement et que tous les adultes dans leur vie ont un impact sur le r&#233;sultat du pouvoir de raisonnement. &#192; un moment donn&#233;, entre 3 et 6 ans, l&#8217;adulte doit faire activement appel &#224; la capacit&#233; de raisonnement de l&#8217;enfant. Plut&#244;t que de continuer &#224; r&#233;pondre &#224; ces questions incessantes, il est parfois n&#233;cessaire de faire appel au raisonnement. Ainsi, si cet enfant vous pose une question, &#224; vous de voir s&#8217;il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une occasion pour votre enfant de raisonner la r&#233;ponse par lui-m&#234;me. Votre enfant pourrait demander : &#8220;Va-t-il pleuvoir aujourd&#8217;hui ?&#8221;. Plut&#244;t que de donner la r&#233;ponse tout de suite, r&#233;pondez &#224; la question par une autre</p><p>question : &#8220;Penses-tu qu&#8217;il va pleuvoir aujourd&#8217;hui ?&#8221;. Lorsque votre enfant r&#233;pondra, vous devrez encha&#238;ner avec une autre question, car il est fort probable qu&#8217;il r&#233;ponde par oui ou par non. &#8220;Pourquoi penses-tu qu&#8217;il ne va pas pleuvoir ? Aidez votre enfant &#224; trouver la raison. &#8220;Je suis d&#8217;accord. Regarde le ciel. Il est si bleu. Il n&#8217;y a pas un seul nuage dans le ciel&#8221;. Avec un jeune enfant, vous devrez occasionnellement proc&#233;der de la sorte afin de l&#8217;aider &#224; d&#233;velopper son raisonnement. Cependant, &#233;vitez de le lui demander tout le temps, car cela le d&#233;couragerait. Si vous faites cela, il finira par se fermer et ne sera plus ouvert &#224; la raison. La mod&#233;ration est la cl&#233;.</p><p>Qu&#8217;en est-il de l&#8217;enfant &#233;l&#233;mentaire ? L&#8217;enfant du primaire conna&#238;t une sorte d&#8217;&#226;ge d&#8217;or du raisonnement. &#192; l&#8217;&#226;ge de 7 ans, le cerveau entre dans une nouvelle phase de d&#233;veloppement, les lobes frontaux et temporaux se d&#233;veloppant de mani&#232;re significative. Entre 7 et 9 ans, les enfants peuvent penser de mani&#232;re plus abstraite et symbolique, comprendre des parties de concepts avant de conna&#238;tre l&#8217;ensemble, comprendre les sentiments des autres, penser de mani&#232;re plus complexe et participer au raisonnement inductif. Le raisonnement inductif est l&#8217;utilisation de la raison pour tirer des conclusions &#224; partir de mod&#232;les observ&#233;s. &#8220;Tous les matins &#224; l&#8217;&#233;cole, nous chantons, donc ce matin je vais probablement chanter. Le raisonnement d&#233;ductif est utilis&#233; dans la m&#233;thode scientifique. &#8220;Tous les oiseaux pondent des &#339;ufs. Un rouge-gorge est un oiseau, donc un rouge- gorge pond des &#339;ufs&#8221;. D&#8217;un point de vue pratique, nous devons inciter l&#8217;enfant du primaire &#224; utiliser constamment ses capacit&#233;s de raisonnement. Cet enfant appliquera la raison &#224; presque tout ce qu&#8217;il fait. La raison peut &#234;tre utilis&#233;e pour les math&#233;matiques ou pour tester les limites et comprendre les normes sociales. &#8220;C&#8217;est l&#8217;heure d&#8217;aller au lit&#8221;. &#8220;Oui, mais hier soir, je me suis couch&#233; 15 minutes plus t&#244;t, alors ce soir, je peux me coucher 15 minutes plus tard.&#8221; C&#8217;est &#224; vous, en tant que parent, de d&#233;cider si le raisonnement de votre enfant est logique ou non. Il peut tr&#232;s bien &#234;tre logique, mais il peut s&#8217;agir d&#8217;une utilisation de la raison que vous pouvez consid&#233;rer comme inappropri&#233;e, injuste ou manipulatrice. Une discussion est n&#233;cessaire dans ces situations. Cependant, la plupart du temps, il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;un enfant qui veut conna&#238;tre la raison des choses et vous, en tant qu&#8217;adulte, devez cr&#233;er un environnement riche en possibilit&#233;s d&#8217;exprimer le pouvoir de raisonnement de l&#8217;enfant.</p><p>Les enfants ont besoin de penser par eux-m&#234;mes. C&#8217;est un aspect important de la possession d&#8217;un intellect fort. La capacit&#233; de raisonnement est utile dans presque tous les aspects de la vie, des math&#233;matiques &#224; la morale. On peut clairement comprendre pourquoi le raisonnement peut aider en math&#233;matiques, mais qu&#8217;en est-il de la moralit&#233; ? Si nous utilisons la morale sans raisonnement, notre capacit&#233; d&#8217;empathie sans &#233;quit&#233; peut conduire au n&#233;potisme ou &#224; des repr&#233;sailles morales justifi&#233;es telles que la rage au volant. &#8220;Il m&#8217;a coup&#233; la route, je vais lui donner une le&#231;on ! Tout comme la langue, nous ne pouvons pas faire parler un enfant, mais nous pouvons certainement avoir un impact sur les exp&#233;riences p&#233;riph&#233;riques de nos enfants. Nous devons donner &#224; nos enfants de riches exp&#233;riences dans l&#8217;utilisation de la raison et de la moralit&#233;. Le d&#233;veloppement moral est li&#233; au d&#233;veloppement cognitif. La capacit&#233; d&#8217;un enfant &#224; moraliser et &#224; raisonner varie en fonction de sa maturit&#233;. Nous devons donc jouer un r&#244;le actif dans l&#8217;exp&#233;rience que nos enfants re&#231;oivent. Terminons par les math&#233;matiques et le raisonnement. La plupart des math&#233;maticiens affirment que les v&#233;rit&#233;s math&#233;matiques existent d&#233;j&#224; et sont pr&#234;tes &#224; &#234;tre d&#233;couvertes. Nous avons tous un esprit math&#233;matique, mais c&#8217;est un esprit rudimentaire, c&#8217;est pourquoi nous devons lui offrir des exp&#233;riences riches afin de d&#233;velopper ses prouesses. Ces exp&#233;riences d&#233;veloppent notre capacit&#233; &#224; raisonner math&#233;matiquement. Une fois le raisonnement math&#233;matique d&#233;velopp&#233;, la possibilit&#233; de faire des d&#233;couvertes math&#233;matiques l&#8217;est &#233;galement. Nous devons offrir &#224; nos enfants des exp&#233;riences riches pour d&#233;velopper leur capacit&#233; de raisonnement et cela justifie certainement une participation de la part des parents.</p><p>&#169;Ryan Katz</p><p>Retrouvez cet article et nos archives sur notre site : <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UYfw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d3a385c-138c-4cd6-8672-d75cf64a78a7_1480x1110.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UYfw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d3a385c-138c-4cd6-8672-d75cf64a78a7_1480x1110.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UYfw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d3a385c-138c-4cd6-8672-d75cf64a78a7_1480x1110.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UYfw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d3a385c-138c-4cd6-8672-d75cf64a78a7_1480x1110.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UYfw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d3a385c-138c-4cd6-8672-d75cf64a78a7_1480x1110.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dr. Montessori first observed the ability to reason in an infant at 3 weeks old. This is an important observation because it leads one to contemplate what it is that she was observing to say that the infant was using the reasoning mind? Firstly, let us identify what it means to reason. Reason is defined as the power of comprehending, inferring, or thinking especially in orderly rational ways. The ability to reason is not a skill but a development. The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that deals with the function of reason. This part of the brain is also involved in language and emotion. Rather than bog you down with science, let&#8217;s just make the connection between reason and language. It would be easily assumable to consider that reason needs language to develop. How? This language can be an internal dialog or an external dialog with you, the parent. Early on, during the child&#8217;s life, it is the role of the adult to help develop reasoning by offering an environment rich in language. Let&#8217;s imagine that we are speaking to an infant, that is a child that is yet to be walking. If we want the infant to develop language, we do not teach but model by using a rich and varied language. &#8220;Look, at that leaf it is beautiful, its shape is oval, and it is a lovely</p><p>green. I would probably call that color, lime green.&#8221; As parents we provide an environment rich in language if we want our children to absorb a varied vocabulary. Now, what about reason? For the infant, we again must aid the development by supplementing our ability as an adult to reason. In this way, we aid reasoning capabilities in the child. &#8220;Look at this leaf on the ground. I wonder where it came from? Hmm, it looks like the same leaf as the leaves on that tree right there. Therefore I think that it came from that tree.&#8221; Now, this may seem</p><p>strange but in this way, we as adults consciously aid the child in developing the reasoning mind. Young children under three are unconsciously absorbing their environment and this also includes reasoning. Sometimes you may even be unaware that you are reasoning but your child is certainly absorbing those reasoning experiences. Imagine that you go to the bakery, and they are out of the bread you want, you start a conversation with the baker and explain that you need bread for a dinner party. With the baker you may reason out what bread you will get and why it will be sufficient. If your child is with you, they will absorb it.</p><p>This happens all the time. In the home and outside the home. If your child is within earshot they will absorb it.</p><p>Now let&#8217;s move to the 3-6 child, this is the child that possesses the conscious absorbent mind. What that means is that children at this age are moving into consciousness. For example if we take the concept of time, they are becoming more cognizant of actual time. They begin to have the concepts of tomorrow, yesterday, this weekend, or this year. You have to be a somewhat conscious being to understand these concepts. The 3-6 year old is a lover of questions. They are at times, it seems, relentlessly posing questions to the adults. What is this? What is that? How come? Why? Again we must continue to give the child of this age</p><p>an environment rich in language. We must answer their questions because not only does it stimulate development and build the intellect but it is also emotional satisfying. Yet what about reasoning? How do we support the development of reasoning in this child? We need to remember that children and even adolescents are developing their ability to reason and that all adults in their lives have an impact on the outcome of reasoning power. At some point during the 3-6 age period, the adult needs to actively call upon the child&#8217;s ability to reason. Rather than just continue to answer those relentless questions, occasionally, it is</p><p>necessary to invoke reasoning. So, if this child asks you a question, you will have to see if it is an opportunity for your child to reason out the answer for themselves. Maybe your child might ask, &#8220;Is it going to rain today?&#8221; Rather than just give the answer right away, return the question with another question, &#8220;Do you think that it is going to rain today?&#8217; When your child answers, you will need to follow that up with another question because most likely they will respond with a yes or a no. &#8220;Why do you think it is not going to rain?&#8221; Help your child with the reason. &#8220;I agree. Look at the sky. It is so blue. There is not a cloud in the sky.&#8221; With a young child, you will need to occasionally do this in order to help your child build</p><p>reasoning. However avoid asking the child all the time as this will discourage your child. If you do this then ultimately they will shut down and not be open to reason. Moderation is th key.</p><p>What about the elementary child? The elementary child is in a sort of golden age for reasoning. By the time the child is 7, the brain enters a new stage of development as frontal and temporal lobes significantly increase. Between 7 and 9, children can think more abstractly and symbolically, understand parts of concepts before knowing the whole, understand the feelings of others, think more complexly, and participate in inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is the use of reason to draw conclusions on observed patterns. &#8220;Every morning at school we sing therefore this morning I will probably sing.&#8221; Deductive</p><p>reasoning is used in the scientific method. &#8220;All birds lay eggs. A robin is a bird therefore a robin lays eggs.&#8221; Practically speaking, we must challenge the elementary child to constantly use their reasoning capabilities. This child will apply reason to nearly everything they do. Reason can be used for mathematics or it can be used to test limits and understand social norms. &#8220;It&#8217;s time to go to bed.&#8221; &#8220;Yeah but last night I went to bed 15 minutes early, so tonight I can stay up 15 minutes later.&#8221; It is your position, as the parent, to decide if the reasoning that your child uses is logical or not. It may very well be logical but it might be a</p><p>use of reason that you may consider to be inappropriate, unjust, or manipulative. A discussion is necessary in these situations. However, the vast amount of time, this is a child that wants to know the reason behind things and you as the adult must create an environment rich in the opportunities to express the reasoning power of the child.</p><p>Children need to think for themselves. This is an important aspect to being in possession of a strong intellect. The ability to reason helps with nearly all aspects to life from mathematics to morality. One might clearly see why reasoning might help with mathematics but what about morality? If we use morality without reasoning then our ability to empathize without fairness can lead to nepotism or justified moral retaliation such as road rage. &#8220;He cut me off, now I will show him a lesson!&#8221; Just like language we cannot make a child speak but we can</p><p>certainly have an impact on the peripheral experiences of our children. We need to give our children rich experiences in the use of reason with morality. Moral development is related to cognitive development. A child has different stages of the ability to moralize and reason depending on their maturity. We must therefore play an active role in the experience that our children are receiving. Let us end with mathematics and reasoning. Most mathematicians say that mathematical truths already exist and are ready for discovery. We all have a</p><p>mathematical mind, yet it is a rudimentary mind, therefore we must offer it rich experiences in order to build up its prowess. These experiences build up our ability to reason mathematically. Once mathematically reasoning has been developed, so too does the possibility of mathematical discoveries. We need to offer our children rich experiences to develop their ability to reason and this certainly warrants a participation on the parents part.</p><p>&#169;Ryan Katz</p><p><em>Find this article and our archives on our website :</em> <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La collaboration | Collaboration]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#192; quoi faut-il penser lorsqu&#8217;on parle de coop&#233;ration, en particulier en ce qui concerne nos propres enfants dans les &#233;coles Montessori ?]]></description><link>https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/la-collaboration-collaboration</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/la-collaboration-collaboration</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 07:44:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#192; quoi faut-il penser lorsqu&#8217;on parle de coop&#233;ration, en particulier en ce qui concerne nos propres enfants dans les &#233;coles Montessori ?  Tr&#232;s souvent, dans un contexte Montessori, il faut penser &#224; la situation dans son ensemble.  Tout d&#8217;abord, cette vue d&#8217;ensemble est celle de l&#8217;enfant en tant qu&#8217;&#234;tre humain.  De l&#224;, nous passons &#224; la collectivit&#233; de la nature humaine.  Pourquoi ?  La p&#233;dagogie Montessori tire sa m&#233;thode des racines anthropologiques ainsi que de la biologie et de la psychologie de l&#8217;enfant ; par cons&#233;quent, pour comprendre certains concepts, il est n&#233;cessaire de r&#233;fl&#233;chir &#224; l&#8217;&#233;volution humaine.  La coop&#233;ration est une caract&#233;ristique de l&#8217;exp&#233;rience humaine.  Les &#234;tres humains ont commenc&#233; &#224; coop&#233;rer il y a tr&#232;s longtemps, il y a au moins 200 000 ans, avec l&#8217;&#233;mergence de notre esp&#232;ce.  D&#8217;autres hominid&#233;s ont coop&#233;r&#233; et m&#234;me d&#8217;autres animaux du r&#232;gne animal sont connus pour coop&#233;rer &#233;galement.  Lorsque l&#8217;on pense &#224; la coop&#233;ration, certains concepts tels que l&#8217;altruisme apparaissent parfois.  L&#8217;altruisme est un comportement individuel qui profite aux autres, mais pas &#224; l&#8217;individu lui-m&#234;me.  Pourtant, l&#8217;homme n&#8217;est pas la seule esp&#232;ce capable d&#8217;un comportement altruiste, comme l&#8217;ont montr&#233; les recherches du primatologue Frans de Waal sur les chimpanz&#233;s.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg" width="1456" height="1125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1125,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_cqj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79fa841b-002d-458a-8304-84ba2964692c_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Qu&#8217;est-ce que la coop&#233;ration ?  La coop&#233;ration est un sujet quelque peu complexe car elle n&#233;cessite la compr&#233;hension de concepts tels que la s&#233;lection des membres d&#8217;une m&#234;me famille, le groupe interne, le groupe externe, la r&#233;ciprocit&#233;, l&#8217;intention et l&#8217;intentionnalit&#233; conjointe.  Comment comprendre alors la coop&#233;ration dans le contexte des relations parents-enfants ou enseignants-enfants ?  L&#224; encore, l&#8217;&#233;volution humaine nous &#233;claire.  Bien que d&#8217;autres hominid&#233;s aient coop&#233;r&#233;, aucune autre esp&#232;ce dans l&#8217;histoire de la terre n&#8217;a coop&#233;r&#233; de la m&#234;me mani&#232;re que l&#8217;homo sapiens.  Comment le savons-nous ?  Regardez autour de vous, notre propre ville a une mairie qui gouverne, nous donnant acc&#232;s &#224; l&#8217;eau, &#224; l&#8217;&#233;lectricit&#233; ou aux routes.  Nos maisons sont construites le long de rues qui forment des quartiers et des plaques de rue indiquent o&#249; nous nous trouvons.  Notre mairie est gouvern&#233;e par la capitale et dans la capitale se dressent des &#233;difices &#233;tonnants comme Notre Dame ou la Tour Eiffel.  Comment cela est-il possible ?  C&#8217;est gr&#226;ce &#224; la coop&#233;ration des &#234;tres humains que cela est devenu une r&#233;alit&#233;.  Et non seulement cela, mais cette coop&#233;ration s&#8217;est transmise de g&#233;n&#233;ration en g&#233;n&#233;ration.  Il a fallu 182 ans pour construire Notre-Dame, aucun &#234;tre humain ne vit aussi longtemps, mais la coop&#233;ration entre les &#234;tres humains est &#233;ternelle.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Il faut consid&#233;rer l&#8217;enfant ou son propre enfant dans cet aspect de la coop&#233;ration humaine.  Lorsqu&#8217;ils deviendront adultes, ils participeront activement &#224; la cr&#233;ation de ce que le Dr Montessori appelait la supra-nature.  La supra-nature est ce qui a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;crit plus haut, le r&#233;seau de routes, de b&#226;timents, etc... tous construits par les humains au-dessus de la nature.  Or, les enfants sont en plein d&#233;veloppement, leur &#171; travail &#187; est de se d&#233;velopper.  La coop&#233;ration dans toute sa complexit&#233; ne peut pas n&#233;cessairement &#234;tre attendue de la m&#234;me mani&#232;re que l&#8217;on pourrait l&#8217;exiger d&#8217;un adulte.  Il faut donc consid&#233;rer la coop&#233;ration chez les enfants comme quelque chose de diff&#233;rent, quelque chose qui se d&#233;veloppe.  Cependant, en tant qu&#8217;adultes, nous ne devrions pas donner carte blanche aux enfants pour qu&#8217;ils ne coop&#232;rent pas.  Il est bien connu que la lecture aux b&#233;b&#233;s d&#233;veloppe les comp&#233;tences linguistiques. Pourtant, lorsque nous lisons aux b&#233;b&#233;s, nous pouvons avoir l&#8217;impression que rien n&#8217;est absorb&#233;, mais rassurez-vous, c&#8217;est le cas.  Les enfants ont besoin d&#8217;&#234;tre encourag&#233;s &#224; adopter un comportement coop&#233;ratif et de voir les adultes adopter un comportement coop&#233;ratif.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Le neuroscientifique social Matthew D. Lieberman a qualifi&#233; les humains de &#171; super coop&#233;rateurs &#187;, ce qui a permis de r&#233;aliser l&#8217;extraordinaire exploit de construire une culture humaine (supra-nature).  O&#249; se situent les enfants dans cet aspect de la culture humaine ?  L&#224; encore, ils sont en plein d&#233;veloppement et n&#8217;ont pas encore atteint le niveau de super-coop&#233;rateurs.  Plus ils sont jeunes, moins ils sont d&#233;velopp&#233;s.  Ce n&#8217;est pas avant le troisi&#232;me plan de d&#233;veloppement (12-18 ans) que nous commen&#231;ons &#224; voir les premi&#232;res incursions r&#233;elles dans le type de coop&#233;ration dont les humains sont vraiment capables.  &#192; cet &#226;ge, le Dr Montessori parle d&#8217;exp&#233;riences sociales qui construisent la conscience de l&#8217;individu.  En d&#8217;autres termes, l&#8217;individu adolescent se lie &#224; la soci&#233;t&#233;.  Les enfants de l&#8217;&#226;ge &#233;l&#233;mentaire et les enfants du premier plan (0-6) font encore l&#8217;exp&#233;rience de la coop&#233;ration, mais d&#8217;une mani&#232;re diff&#233;rente de celle de l&#8217;adolescent.  Cependant, il y a une cl&#233; qui rend la p&#233;dagogie Montessori unique et diff&#233;rente de toutes les autres formes d&#8217;&#233;ducation, c&#8217;est son approche de la coop&#233;ration.  Le Dr Montessori a d&#233;clar&#233; : &#171; La premi&#232;re r&#233;forme de l&#8217;&#233;ducation doit consister &#224; offrir un environnement plus large et &#224; multiplier les possibilit&#233;s d&#8217;association et d&#8217;activit&#233; &#187;.  Pour comprendre ce qu&#8217;elle veut dire, il faut examiner &#224; la fois l&#8217;association et l&#8217;activit&#233; pour arriver &#224; comprendre ce que l&#8217;on entend r&#233;ellement par coop&#233;ration dans le contexte de l&#8217;enfance.  L&#8217;association est motiv&#233;e par la tendance humaine &#224; la communication.  Il s&#8217;agit de la tendance &#224; parler avec les autres, &#224; leur parler de choses et d&#8217;autres.  Les &#233;coles publiques suppriment cette caract&#233;ristique de l&#8217;enfant.  Les enfants veulent s&#8217;associer avec d&#8217;autres parce qu&#8217;ils ont cette tendance &#224; vouloir communiquer avec les autres.  L&#8217;autre aspect est l&#8217;activit&#233;.  Dans la p&#233;dagogie Montessori, on reconna&#238;t que l&#8217;activit&#233; spontan&#233;e est la pierre angulaire du comportement humain.  L&#8217;activit&#233; spontan&#233;e est la manifestation des &#233;nergies internes qui poussent le d&#233;veloppement vers l&#8217;optimisation.  Il ne s&#8217;agit pas d&#8217;un enfant qui court spontan&#233;ment dans les all&#233;es de son supermarch&#233;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">En ce qui concerne l&#8217;activit&#233; et la coop&#233;ration, le Dr Montessori a &#233;t&#233; tr&#232;s claire lorsqu&#8217;elle a d&#233;clar&#233; : &#171; On s&#8217;est toujours rendu compte que quiconque fait un travail trop dur doit s&#8217;associer &#224; d&#8217;autres ; mais nous avons vu chez les petits enfants que m&#234;me pour &#234;tre capable de comprendre, il est n&#233;cessaire de s&#8217;associer &#224; d&#8217;autres &#187;.  Cela donne une v&#233;ritable id&#233;e de la coop&#233;ration chez les enfants de moins de six ans.  Pour coop&#233;rer, ils doivent avoir une r&#233;elle compr&#233;hension de l&#8217;activit&#233; (le travail).  Si ce n&#8217;est pas le cas, la coop&#233;ration devient un simple bavardage.  L&#8217;enfant &#226;g&#233; de 0 &#224; 6 ans est charg&#233; d&#8217;acqu&#233;rir des connaissances : acquisition du mouvement, acquisition du langage, pour n&#8217;en citer que deux, et l&#8217;acquisition requiert de la coordination.  La coordination est l&#8217;organisation des diff&#233;rents &#233;l&#233;ments d&#8217;un corps ou d&#8217;une activit&#233; complexe de mani&#232;re &#224; leur permettre de travailler ensemble efficacement.  L&#8217;enfant doit coordonner son esprit, son corps et son &#226;me afin d&#8217;acqu&#233;rir un d&#233;veloppement.  Si tel est le cas, on comprend ais&#233;ment que le travail individuel se pr&#234;te mieux au d&#233;veloppement.  Plus l&#8217;enfant est jeune, plus les acquisitions sont intenses, pensez au langage ou &#224; la marche.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Pour les enfants de 3 &#224; 6 ans, il y a toujours des occasions de coop&#233;rer ; pour les plus jeunes, il peut s&#8217;agir d&#8217;avoir une conversation tout en grignotant.  Cependant, il ne faut pas oublier que les enfants sont encore en train d&#8217;acqu&#233;rir des comp&#233;tences en mati&#232;re de conversation.  Souvent, ils parlent simplement par-dessus l&#8217;autre ou changent rapidement de sujet.  Il n&#8217;est donc pas exag&#233;r&#233; d&#8217;imaginer que de jeunes enfants travaillant sur les math&#233;matiques peuvent compl&#232;tement oublier l&#8217;activit&#233; proprement dite et &#234;tre absorb&#233;s par la conversation, ce qui n&#8217;est pas n&#233;cessairement une bonne chose.  Afin de travailler v&#233;ritablement les math&#233;matiques ensemble, chaque enfant doit avoir un certain niveau de compr&#233;hension de la mani&#232;re de r&#233;aliser l&#8217;activit&#233;, sans quoi celle-ci d&#233;vie au lieu d&#8217;&#233;voluer.  Les enfants qui ne sont pas capables de travailler avec d&#8217;autres &#224; ce stade ont besoin de plus de temps pour travailler individuellement afin de d&#233;velopper l&#8217;acquisition n&#233;cessaire pour pouvoir travailler avec d&#8217;autres sur une activit&#233;.  Le travail individuel les aide &#224; acqu&#233;rir les rouages de la r&#233;alisation d&#8217;une activit&#233;, ce qui d&#233;veloppe la pierre de touche de la capacit&#233; &#224; travailler.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Au niveau 3-6, l&#8217;enfant devient conscient pour la premi&#232;re fois.  Les premiers souvenirs de l&#8217;&#234;tre humain datent g&#233;n&#233;ralement de cette p&#233;riode, car avant l&#8217;&#226;ge de trois ans, il est inconscient.  Ce n&#8217;est donc pas une co&#239;ncidence si, apr&#232;s l&#8217;&#226;ge de trois ans, les enfants cherchent &#224; se lier &#224; d&#8217;autres enfants.  Avant l&#8217;&#226;ge de trois ans, il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;un type de lien diff&#233;rent, plus proche d&#8217;un lien nourricier qui construit l&#8217;attachement, un &#233;l&#233;ment important pour le d&#233;veloppement de relations humaines saines.  Apr&#232;s trois ans, les enfants prennent conscience des autres et sont attir&#233;s par la communication avec eux, mais le hic, c&#8217;est qu&#8217;ils ne savent pas vraiment comment s&#8217;y prendre.  S&#8217;ils sont laiss&#233;s seuls sans activit&#233; utile, leur potentiel de d&#233;veloppement est rapidement r&#233;duit.  C&#8217;est l&#8217;importance du travail ou de l&#8217;activit&#233;, qui met les enfants sur la voie d&#8217;un d&#233;veloppement optimal.  Les enfants qui pleurent, s&#8217;&#233;nervent, se plaignent ou deviennent trop &#233;motifs &#224; cause des autres sont des enfants qui ont besoin de passer plus de temps &#224; travailler individuellement afin de d&#233;velopper une compr&#233;hension de l&#8217;activit&#233;.  Il en va de m&#234;me pour l&#8217;enfant qui en est l&#8217;instigateur.  En g&#233;n&#233;ral, ces exp&#233;riences font partie du d&#233;veloppement de la coop&#233;ration.  Les enfants ont besoin d&#8217;exp&#233;rimenter les montagnes russes &#233;motionnelles de la coop&#233;ration sociale afin de d&#233;velopper le v&#233;ritable sens de ce que l&#8217;on entend par &#171; super coop&#233;rateurs &#187;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Et qu&#8217;en est-il de l&#8217;enfant du primaire ?  Ces enfants savent comment tenir des conversations, mais pour certains d&#8217;entre eux, ces conversations deviennent le travail.  Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;une mauvaise voie.  La connaissance, en particulier chez les enfants, est directement li&#233;e &#224; l&#8217;exposition.  L&#8217;enfant du primaire commence &#224; voir l&#8217;univers sous un jour diff&#233;rent.  Les enfants sont capables de d&#233;velopper une compr&#233;hension &#233;pist&#233;mologique de type relativiste.  En d&#8217;autres termes, ils commencent &#224; prendre conscience du fait que la p&#233;riph&#233;rie, c&#8217;est-&#224;-dire l&#8217;ext&#233;rieur du moi, est la grande source de la connaissance.  Par cons&#233;quent, les enfants qui permettent &#224; leur tendance &#224; la communication d&#8217;&#233;clipser d&#8217;autres tendances telles que l&#8217;abstraction, l&#8217;exploration, l&#8217;imagination ou le travail sont malavis&#233;s car ils ne voient pas la p&#233;riph&#233;rie comme cette source de richesse.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La p&#233;dagogie Montessori s&#8217;appuie toujours sur le stade de d&#233;veloppement pr&#233;c&#233;dent et, pour la coop&#233;ration, elle doit &#224; nouveau &#234;tre bas&#233;e sur la compr&#233;hension de l&#8217;activit&#233; afin de coop&#233;rer r&#233;ellement.  La compr&#233;hension n&#8217;est pas n&#233;cessairement l&#8217;abstraction du concept, car si c&#8217;&#233;tait le cas, il n&#8217;y aurait pas besoin de travailler, mais la compr&#233;hension de la proc&#233;dure qui pousse l&#8217;enfant &#224; &#234;tre actif.  La proc&#233;dure m&#232;ne &#224; l&#8217;abstraction et c&#8217;est la raison pour laquelle le Dr Montessori a d&#233;velopp&#233; du mat&#233;riel pour d&#233;velopper les abstractions.  La p&#233;riode &#233;l&#233;mentaire est la p&#233;riode de la vie au cours de laquelle l&#8217;enfant a besoin d&#8217;explorer autant de concepts que possible.  C&#8217;est la p&#233;riode de la vie o&#249; la force de Coriolis ou les suffixes sont compl&#232;tement facett&#233;s.  Les enfants acqui&#232;rent ainsi des connaissances approfondies qui serviront de base &#224; toutes les p&#233;riodes suivantes de la vie.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg" width="1456" height="1125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1125,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jXNK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F780de1f8-b3e5-4c03-afe4-c78679fbede8_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Encore une fois, la coop&#233;ration n&#8217;est pas synonyme de conversation.  La coop&#233;ration est synonyme d&#8217;activit&#233;, une activit&#233; qui m&#232;ne au d&#233;veloppement.  Les enfants du primaire veulent collaborer et la collaboration est l&#8217;action de travailler avec quelqu&#8217;un pour produire ou cr&#233;er quelque chose.  L&#8217;enfant du primaire a besoin d&#8217;interagir avec les autres parce que c&#8217;est l&#8217;enfant qui est devenu de plus en plus conscient de la soci&#233;t&#233; dans son ensemble, comprenant comment de nombreuses personnes travaillent ensemble pour cr&#233;er une soci&#233;t&#233; qui fonctionne.  C&#8217;est la premi&#232;re fois dans la vie d&#8217;un &#234;tre humain qu&#8217;il est li&#233; &#224; la d&#233;pendance du travail des autres.  Pourtant, si l&#8217;on examine l&#8217;histoire de l&#8217;humanit&#233;, on s&#8217;aper&#231;oit que la collaboration peut aussi &#234;tre n&#233;gative et que la machine sociale peut &#234;tre d&#233;form&#233;e pour cr&#233;er le mal.  L&#8217;enfant du primaire souhaite naturellement travailler avec ses pairs et l&#8217;&#233;crasante majorit&#233; de ce temps doit &#234;tre libre de toute comp&#233;tition et avoir un but authentique.  Ce but est de travailler pour comprendre les rouages de l&#8217;activit&#233; en question.  La richesse de la mati&#232;re dans un environnement &#233;l&#233;mentaire est remarquable, mais si les enfants ne sont pas actifs, elle prend la poussi&#232;re.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Il n&#8217;incombe pas uniquement &#224; l&#8217;&#233;cole de guider les enfants, mais aussi aux parents et &#224; d&#8217;autres adultes.  Les adultes peuvent aider les enfants non pas n&#233;cessairement en leur demandant directement s&#8217;ils comprennent un concept particulier ou une abstraction, mais en &#233;coutant et en parcourant les diff&#233;rents sujets.  Les mati&#232;res du primaire sont la langue, la g&#233;om&#233;trie, les math&#233;matiques, l&#8217;histoire, la musique, la g&#233;ographie et la biologie.  &#171; H&#233;, sur quoi travaille-t-on en biologie ? &#187;  Si vous commencez &#224; entendre les m&#234;mes choses &#224; plusieurs reprises, vous saurez que votre enfant est devenu victime de sa tendance &#224; communiquer.  L&#8217;importance de trouver une activit&#233; utile est &#233;galement la responsabilit&#233; de l&#8217;enfant du primaire, et la responsabilit&#233; est un outil important pour r&#233;ussir &#224; l&#8217;&#226;ge adulte.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Enfin, il est important de souligner que les autres formes d&#8217;&#233;ducation sont insuffisantes pour les enfants car elles reposent sur la d&#233;pendance de l&#8217;enfant &#224; l&#8217;&#233;gard de l&#8217;adulte.  Ce format consiste en un enseignant/animateur qui donne aux enfants une activit&#233; directive, dans laquelle les enfants apprennent ou font tous la m&#234;me activit&#233; en m&#234;me temps.  Cela d&#233;truit la nature de l&#8217;individu parce que cela r&#233;duit la capacit&#233; de l&#8217;individu &#224; coop&#233;rer spontan&#233;ment, ce qui est n&#233;cessaire pour r&#233;aliser le potentiel optimal afin de devenir un super coop&#233;rateur.  Les enfants ont besoin de leurs pairs pour d&#233;velopper des comp&#233;tences de coop&#233;ration et une d&#233;pendance excessive &#224; l&#8217;&#233;gard de l&#8217;adulte laisse ce potentiel inerte.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#169;&#65039;Ryan Katz</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Retrouvez cet article et nos archives sur notre site : <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: justify;">What should one think about when they think about cooperation, particular in reference to our own children inside Montessori Schools?  Very often, in a Montessori context, one needs to think about the larger picture.  Firstly, this larger picture is the child as a human being.  From there we move to the collectivity of human nature.  Why?  Montessori education derives its method from anthropologic roots along with the biology and psychology of the child therefore in order to understand certain concepts necessitates the deliberation of human evolution.  Cooperation is a hallmark of the human experience.  Human beings began cooperating a very long time ago, think at least 200,000 years ago with the emergence of our species.  Other hominids cooperated and even other animals of the animal kingdom are known to cooperate as well.  When one thinks about cooperation, sometimes certain concepts such as altruism arise.  Altruism is individual behavior that benefits others but not the individual itself.  Yet humans are not the only species capable of altruistic behavior as the primatologist Frans de Waal&#8217;s research on chimpanzees has shown.  So what is cooperation?  Cooperation is a somewhat complex topic as it requires the understanding of concepts such as kin selection, in-group, out-group, reciprocity,  intention, and joint intentionality.  So how then can we understand cooperation in the context of either parent-child or teacher-child relationships?  Again, we must look towards human evolution to give insight.  Although other hominids cooperated, no other species in the history of earth has cooperated in the same way that homo sapiens have.  How do we know this?  Look around, our very own town has a town hall that governs, giving us access to water, electricity, or roadways.  Our houses are built along streets that form neighborhoods and have street signs denoting where we are.  Our town hall is governed by the capital and in the capital stand astonishing edifices like Notre Dame or the Eiffel Tower.  How is this even possible?  It is through the cooperation of human beings that this has become a reality.  And not only that but it has been a cooperation passed along through generations of people.  Notre Dame took 182 years to build, no human being lives that long but cooperation amongst human beings is everlasting.  One must view the child or their own child in this aspect of human cooperation.  When they grow to become adults they will join into becoming an active contributor in the creation of what Dr. Montessori called supra-nature.  Supra-nature is what was described above, the network of roads, buildings, and etc&#8230; all built by humans on top of nature.  Yet children, are in the midst of development, their &#8216;job,&#8217; is to develop.  Cooperation in all of its complexity cannot necessarily be expected in the same way that one might demand it of an adult.  Therefore one must regard cooperation in children as something different, something that is developing.  Yet we should not as adults give children a carte blanche to be non-cooperative.  It is well known that reading to infants, develops language skills yet when we read to infants it can appear as if nothing is being absorbed but rest assured, it is.  Children need to be encouraged to demonstrate cooperative behavior as well as see adults modeling cooperative behavior.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg" width="1456" height="1125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1125,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9yW8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dfda8d-654f-4f63-8089-dd2b9634a564_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">&#9;The social neuroscientist Matthew D. Lieberman called humans, &#8220;super cooperators&#8221; and this has resulted in the extraordinary feat of building up human culture (supra-nature).  Where do children stand in this aspect to human culture?  Again, they are in the midst of development and are not yet at the level of being super cooperators.  The younger they are the less development they have.  It is not until the 3rd plane of development (12-18) that we begin to see the first real forays into the type of cooperation that humans are truly capable of.  At this age, Dr. Montessori spoke of social experiences that construct the individual&#8217;s consciousness.  In other words, the individual adolescence becomes bonded to society.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#9;Children of the elementary age and children of the first plane (0-6) are still experiencing cooperation, they are just experiencing it in a different manner than the adolescent.  However, there is one key that makes Montessori Education uniquely different from all other forms of education and that is its approach to cooperation.  Dr.  Montessori said this, &#8220;The first reform in education must be to offer a wider environment and to multiply the possibilities of association and of activity.&#8221;  In order to understand what she means one must examine both association and activity to arrive at a sense of what one really means by cooperation in the childhood context.  Association is driven by the human tendency of communication.  This is the tendency to talk with others, to tell others about stuff.  Public schools suppress this characteristic of the child.  Children want to associate with others because they have this tendency to want to communicate with others.  The other aspect is activity.  In Montessori Education, one recognizes the spontaneous activity as being a cornerstone of human behavior.  Spontaneous activity is the manifestation of internal energies that push development toward optimization.  It is not, a child spontaneously running through the aisles of the grocery store.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#9;In regards to activity and cooperation, Dr. Montessori was very clear when she said, &#8220;It was always realized that anyone who does work that is too hard must join together with others; but we saw among small children that even to be able to understand it is necessary to join with others.&#8221;  This gives one a real clue to cooperation in children under six.  In order to cooperate they must have some real understanding of the activity (the work).  If they do not, cooperation just becomes chatter.  The child from the age of 0- 6, is a child that is tasked with acquisition; acquisition of movement, acquisition of language to name but two and acquisition requires coordination.  Coordination is the organization of the different elements of a complex body or activity so as to enable them to work together effectively.  The child must be coordinating mind, body, and soul in order to acquire development.  If this is the case then one can easily understand that individual work lends itself better to development.  The younger the child is, the more intense the acquisitions are, think language or walking.  For the 3-6 child, there are always opportunities to cooperate, for the younger child this may be having a conversation while snacking.  Yet one mustn&#8217;t forget that children are still acquiring conversational skills.  Often they simply talk over each other or change subjects rapidly.  So, it is not a far stretch to see how young children working on mathematics can entirely forget the actual activity and be absorbed in conversation but this is not necessarily good.  In order to truly work on mathematics together, each child must have a certain level of understanding of how to do the activity, otherwise it devolves rather than evolves.  Children that are unable to work with others at this stage require more time working individually to develop the acquisition necessary to be able to work with others on an activity.  Individual work helps them acquire the nuts and bolts of how to do an activity, this develops the touchstone of the ability to work.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#9;At the 3-6 level, the child is becoming conscious for the first time.  The earliest memories of the human being are generally from this time period as before the age of three it is unconscious.  It is therefore no coincidence that children after the age of three seek out other children to bond with.  Before the age of three, this is a different type of bonding where it is more closely aligned to a nurturing bond that builds up attachment, an important element for developing healthy human relationships.  After three, children become conscious of others and are attracted to communicating with them but here is the catch, they really do not know how to do it.  If left together with no purposeful activity the potential of development is quickly minimized.  This is the importance of work or activity, it sets children on the path to optimum development.  Children that find themselves crying, being upset, complaining or becoming over emotional over others are children that need to spend more time working individually in order to develop an understanding of the activity.  This also is the same for the child that is the instigator.  Generally, however, these experiences are all part of the development of cooperation.  Children do need to experience the emotional rollercoaster of social cooperation in order to develop the true sense of what is meant by &#8216;super cooperators.&#8221;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg" width="1456" height="1125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1125,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AIub!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a530ada-de4d-499d-906c-14a78655e0bf_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">&#9;And what about the elementary child?  These children know how to hold conversations yet for certain children these conversations become the work.  This is a bad pathway.  Knowledge, particularly in children is directly related to exposure.  The elementary child begins to see the universe in a different light.  Children are capable of developing a relativist type of epistemological understanding.  In other words, they begin to become conscious of the fact that the periphery that is outside of the self is the great source of knowledge.  Therefore those children that allow their tendency of communication to overshadow other tendencies such as abstraction, exploration, imagination, or work are misguided failing to see the periphery as this spring of wealth.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Montessori Education is always built upon the preceding stage of development and for cooperation, again it must be based on the understanding of the activity in order to truly cooperate.  This was the genius of Dr. Montessori, the understanding is not necessarily the abstracting of the concept, for if this was the case there would be no need for work, but in the understanding of the procedure which propels the child to be active.  The procedure leads to the abstraction and this is the reason that Dr. Montessori developed materials to develop abstractions.  The elementary period is the period of life in which the child needs to explore as many concepts as possible.  It is the period of life when the Coriolis Force or suffixes are utterly fascinating.  This gives children a deep knowledge that will become the foundation for all the following perods of life.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#9;Again, cooperation does not mean conversation.  Cooperation means activity, activity that leads to development.  Elementary children want to collaborate and collaboration is the action of working with someone to produce or create something.  The elementary child needs to be interacting with others because this is the child that has become increasingly cognizant of the larger society, comprehending how many persons work together to create a functioning society. &#9;It is the first time in a human being&#8217;s life that they become bound by the dependency of the work of others.  Yet if one examines human history, one can see that collaboration can also be negative and that the machine of society can be distorted to create evil.  The elementary child naturally wishes to work with her peers and the overwhelming majority of this time must be free from competition and possess an authentic purpose.  This purpose is toiling to understand the workings of the activity at hand.  The wealth of subject matter inside an elementary environment is remarkable but if the children are not active, then it gathers dust.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#9;It is not solely the responsibility of the school to guide children but also that of the parent and other adults.  Adults can support children not necessarily by directly asking children if they understand a particular concept or abstraction but listening and circling through the different subjects.  The subjects in elementary are language, geometry, mathematics, history, music, geography, and biology.  &#8220;Hey, what are working on in biology?&#8221;  You will know if you begin to hear the same things over and over that your child has become a victim to his/her tendency of communication.  The importance of finding purposeful activity is also the responsibility of the elementary child and responsibility is an important tool for a successful adulthood.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#9;Lastly, it is important to state that other forms of education are insufficient for children because they rely on the child being dependent of the adult.  This format is a teacher/animator giving children a directive activity, wherein the children all learn or do the same activity at the same time.  This tears the nature of the individual apart because it stunts the ability of the individual to spontaneously cooperate which, is necessary to realize the optimal potential to become a super cooperator.  Children need their peers in order to develop cooperative skills and an over dependency on the adult leaves this potentiality inert.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#169;&#65039;Ryan Katz</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Find this article and our archives on our website :</em> <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[L’enfant difficile | The Difficult Child]]></title><description><![CDATA[Maintenant que nous avons attir&#233; votre attention avec ce titre, nous aimerions tout de suite enlever le mot difficile du mot enfant.]]></description><link>https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/lenfant-difficile-the-difficult-child</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/lenfant-difficile-the-difficult-child</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 07:41:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg" width="1456" height="1125" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hC93!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fbb1e1b-1f2f-4bc7-be63-f6fda88021ef_1480x1144.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Maintenant que nous avons attir&#233; votre attention avec ce titre, nous aimerions tout de suite enlever le mot difficile du mot enfant.  La difficult&#233; n&#8217;est pas le r&#233;sultat de l&#8217;enfant mais plut&#244;t de son environnement.  En tant que parent, il serait sage d&#8217;examiner la situati</p><p>Maintenant que nous avons attir&#233; votre attention avec ce titre, nous aimerions tout de suite enlever le mot difficile du mot enfant.  La difficult&#233; n&#8217;est pas le r&#233;sultat de l&#8217;enfant mais plut&#244;t de son environnement.  En tant que parent, il serait sage d&#8217;examiner la situation de votre foyer par rapport &#224; votre enfant.  Le concept de &#8220;l&#8217;enfant difficile&#8221; est g&#233;n&#233;ralement li&#233; &#224; la situation.  Votre enfant est-il &#8220;difficile&#8221; parce qu&#8217;il n&#8217;a pas assez dormi ?  N&#8217;a pas assez mang&#233; ?  Il faut &#233;galement se pencher sur la stimulation.  Votre enfant est-il stimul&#233; &#224; la maison ?  Ce que nous entendons par l&#224;, c&#8217;est si votre enfant utilise ses mains.  Plus votre enfant utilise ses mains, plus il peut exprimer des choix.  En faisant des choix, l&#8217;enfant exprime son d&#233;sir.  Une fois que l&#8217;enfant a manifest&#233; son d&#233;sir, il peut commencer &#224; utiliser ses mains pour travailler.  Le travail sera exprim&#233; par l&#8217;utilisation des mains, car celles-ci sont un lien direct avec l&#8217;esprit.  L&#8217;esprit est le concept de l&#8217;intellect, des sentiments, du raisonnement, de la conscience, de l&#8217;inconscience, de la m&#233;moire, des capacit&#233;s d&#8217;attention et de la volont&#233;.  Lorsque vos enfants travaillent avec la main, non seulement ils stimulent tous ces concepts, mais ils expriment leur individualit&#233;, ils s&#8217;adaptent &#224; leur environnement et ils se lient &#224; d&#8217;autres &#234;tres humains.  La main est &#233;galement li&#233;e non seulement &#224; l&#8217;intelligence mais aussi &#224; la libert&#233;, car lorsqu&#8217;un enfant n&#8217;utilise pas suffisamment sa main, il d&#233;sob&#233;it.  Les questions simples &#224; se poser sont les suivantes : &#8220;Est-ce que je fournis suffisamment d&#8217;activit&#233;s pour l&#8217;utilisation des mains de mon enfant ?  Mon enfant exprime-t-il son d&#233;sir &#224; travers l&#8217;utilisation de ses mains ? &#8220;.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">&#8220;<em>...L&#8217;intelligence de l&#8217;enfant peut se d&#233;velopper jusqu&#8217;&#224; un certain niveau sans l&#8217;aide de sa main.  Mais si elle se d&#233;veloppe avec sa main, alors le niveau qu&#8217;elle atteint est plus &#233;lev&#233;, et le caract&#232;re de l&#8217;enfant est plus fort... Selon mon exp&#233;rience, si, pour des raisons particuli&#232;res, un enfant n&#8217;a pas pu utiliser ses mains, son caract&#232;re reste &#224; un stade bas de sa formation : il est incapable d&#8217;ob&#233;ir, n&#8217;a aucune initiative et semble paresseux et triste</em>.&#8221;  Dr. Montessori, L&#8217;esprit absorbant </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Retrouvez cet article et nos archives sur notre site : <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Now that we have caught your attention with this title, we would like to remove the word difficult from the word child. Difficulty is not the result of the child, but rather of his or her environment. As a parent, you would be wise to examine your home situation in relation to your child. The concept of the &#8220;difficult child&#8221; is usually situation-related. Is your child &#8220;difficult&#8221; because he hasn&#8217;t slept enough? Not eating enough? We also need to look at stimulation. Is your child stimulated at home? What we mean by this is whether your child uses his hands. The more your child uses his hands, the more choices he can express. By making choices, children express their desires. Once your child has expressed his desire, he can start using his hands to work. Work will be expressed through the use of the hands, as these are a direct link with the mind. The mind is the concept of intellect, feelings, reasoning, consciousness, unconsciousness, memory, attention span and will. When your children work with the hand, they not only stimulate all these concepts, they also express their individuality, adapt to their environment and connect with other human beings. The hand is also linked not only to intelligence but also to freedom, because when a child doesn&#8217;t use his hand enough, he disobeys. Simple questions to ask yourself are: &#8220;Am I providing enough activity for my child&#8217;s hands? Does my child express his desire through the use of his hands?&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;.<em>..A child&#8217;s intelligence can develop to a certain level without the help of his hand. But if it develops with his hand, then the level it reaches is higher, and the child&#8217;s character is stronger... In my experience, if, for particular reasons, a child has not been able to use his hands, his character remains at a low stage of formation: he is unable to obey, has no initiative and seems lazy and sad</em>.&#8221;</p><p>Dr. Montessori, The Absorbent Mind</p><p><em>Find this article and our archives on our website :</em> <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Les limites du temps / The Limits of Time ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Le temps est un concept abstrait et difficilement d&#233;finissable et pourtant il rythme notre vie, l&#8217;avant, le pendant et l&#8217;apr&#232;s.]]></description><link>https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/les-limites-du-temps-the-limits-of</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://montessorihossegor.substack.com/p/les-limites-du-temps-the-limits-of</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Montessori Hossegor]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 08 Apr 2026 07:24:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Le temps est un concept abstrait et difficilement d&#233;finissable et pourtant il rythme notre vie, l&#8217;avant, le pendant et l&#8217;apr&#232;s.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png" width="1344" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1344,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8j9u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3d4605ba-c734-4836-ade6-77d41aef5edd_1344x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: justify;">L&#8217;&#234;tre humain na&#238;t dans le pr&#233;sent et ne commence &#224; comprendre l&#8217;avant et l&#8217;apr&#232;s qu&#8217;au fur et &#224; mesure de ses exp&#233;riences quotidiennes. Ces exp&#233;riences d&#8217;avant et d&#8217;apr&#232;s d&#233;finissent son pr&#233;sent, qui vont ensuite d&#233;finir son apr&#232;s, et devenir son avant. C&#8217;est un cycle continu qui ne s&#8217;arr&#234;te pas, et qui est en perp&#233;tuel changement, en perp&#233;tuel mouvement. Si le pr&#233;sent de vos exp&#233;riences avec votre enfant est ce qui d&#233;finit le futur de vos exp&#233;riences avec votre enfant, comment souhaiteriez-vous d&#233;finir votre pr&#233;sent? Quelles sont les exp&#233;riences futures vers lesquelles vous menez votre enfant? Vers quoi souhaitez-vous guider la relation que vous avez avec votre enfant? L&#8217;enfant d&#233;pend du temps bien plus que nous en avons conscience la plupart du temps. Il d&#233;pend de la mani&#232;re dont nous structurons ce temps pour lui, avec lui, afin qu&#8217;il puisse profiter de son pr&#233;sent sans que nous perdions de vue son futur, tout en gardant en m&#233;moire son pass&#233;, afin de corriger les mauvais temps pass&#233;s et en constituer des meilleurs. Les routines, les limites, les constances que nous cr&#233;ons pour accompagner chaque instant de notre enfant sont essentielles lors de leur construction du soi. Alors, prenons un moment, et posons-nous afin d&#8217;observer et d&#8217;analyser leur environnement temporel, et physique: nos enfants b&#233;n&#233;ficient-ils d&#8217;un environnement organis&#233; et structur&#233; qui leur laisse la possibilit&#233; d&#8217;effectuer en toute s&#233;curit&#233; leur travail d&#8217;enfant: se construire &#224; l&#8217;aide du travail de leurs mains, en effectuant des exp&#233;riences -sensorielles chez les petits et intellectuelles chez les plus grands -  sous l&#8217;oeil avis&#233; des adultes qui les entourent?  Ont-ils des opportunit&#233;s d&#8217;observer, de verbaliser et de chercher &#224; comprendre le monde qui les entoure au travers du rythme de la semaine, des saisons, des f&#234;tes, des jours de la semaine, des mois de l&#8217;ann&#233;e, des heures qui passent, et de l&#8217;Histoire pour les plus grands?</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Dans nos ambiances le temps s&#8217;arr&#234;te parfois, le temps d&#8217;une discussion anim&#233;e et enjou&#233;e entendue entre deux &#233;l&#232;ves de 9 ans, qui discutent de la relation entre le futur ant&#233;rieur et le pass&#233; compos&#233;. Il s&#8217;arr&#234;te lorsque nous avons 3 &#233;l&#232;ves en troisi&#232;me ann&#233;e de maison des enfants, qui sont maintenant r&#233;ellement chez eux, apr&#232;s tout ce temps pass&#233; dans l&#8217;ambiance et qui, anim&#233;s d&#8217;une r&#233;elle connaissance de la quasi-totalit&#233; du mat&#233;riel dans la classe, continuent d&#8217;explorer et de d&#233;couvrir ce mat&#233;riel sous un jour nouveau: lors d&#8217;un travail avec les solides ils se sont rendus compte que bon nombre de mat&#233;riel et par cons&#233;quent d&#8217;objets autour d&#8217;eux &#233;taient des cubes, des sph&#232;res, des cylindres, des pyramides, des prismes! Quelle joie pour eux de faire le lien entre cette abstraction rendue concr&#232;te, ces notions abstraites mises en lien avec leurs exp&#233;riences sensorielles quotidiennes. Juste le temps d&#8217;une conversation &#224; trois, rencontre et fruit de mois et de mois de travail avec le mat&#233;riel, chacun &#224; son rythme. Notion abstraite comprise et int&#233;rioris&#233;e &#224; vie. Voil&#224; ce que font vos enfants au sein de leurs ambiances.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Retrouvez cet article et nos archives sur notre site : <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Time is an abstract concept, difficult to define, yet it gives rhythm to our lives: the before, the during and the after. Human beings are born into the present, and only begin to understand the before and after as they go through their daily experiences. These before and after experiences define their present, which in turn define their after, and become their before.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png" width="1344" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1344,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lgws!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7084251b-6ee6-4b59-93f5-2b8a95e206ae_1344x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>It&#8217;s a continuous cycle that never stops, and is in perpetual change, in perpetual motion. If the present of your experiences with your child is what defines the future of your experiences with your child, how would you like to define your present? What future experiences are you leading your child towards? What do you want to guide your relationship with your child towards? Children depend on time far more than we realize most of the time. They depend on the way we structure time for them, with them, so that they can enjoy the present without losing sight of the future, while at the same time remembering the past, in order to correct bad times and build better ones. The routines, limits and constants we create to accompany our child&#8217;s every moment are essential to their self-building. So, let&#8217;s take a moment to observe and analyze their temporal and physical environment: do our children benefit from an organized and structured environment that allows them to safely carry out their child&#8217;s work: building themselves through the work of their hands, experimenting - sensorially in the case of the little ones, intellectually in the case of the older ones - under the watchful eye of the adults around them? Do they have opportunities to observe, verbalize and seek to understand the world around them through the rhythm of the week, seasons, holidays, days of the week, months of the year, passing hours, and history for older children?</p><p>In our environments, time sometimes stands still, the time of a lively, playful discussion overheard between two 9-year-old students, who are discussing the relationship between the future tense and the past tense. It stops when we have 3 students in their third year at the children&#8217;s house, who are now really at home, after all this time spent in the environment and who, animated by a real knowledge of almost all the material in the classroom, continue to explore and discover this material in a new light: during work with solids they realized that many of the materials and therefore objects around them were cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, prisms! What a joy for them to make the connection between this abstraction made concrete, these abstract notions linked to their everyday sensorial experiences. Just the time for a three-way conversation, an encounter and the fruit of months and months of work with the material, each at their own pace. An abstract notion understood and internalized for life. This is what your children do in their own environment.</p><p><em>Find this article and our archives on our website :</em> <strong>[<a href="http://www.montessorihossegor.com">www.montessorihossegor.com</a>]</strong></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>